The progress in the cholinesterase quantification methods

Abstract

Existing methods are able to cover most of the problems that arise during cholinesterase activity determination. Colorimetry according to Ellman has proved to be the most useful and versatile approach. It may be used in various protocols for the determination of pesticide or nerve agent exposure or for the development of new drugs. Its possible improvement lies in optimization of hemoglobin-rich samples. The progress of the most common methods (including Ellman) depends on miniaturization and modern physical platforms (e.g., optical fibers, chip methods, or nanotechnologies).

In situ induced metal-enhanced fluorescence: A new strategy for biosensing the total acetylcholinesterase activity in sub-microliter human whole blood

“…Several quantification techniques on AChE (Holas et al, 2012;Miao et al, 2010;Sabelle et al, 2002;Feng et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2009;Peng et al, 2009;Golub et al, 2013;Liao et al, 2013aLiao et al, , 2013bZhang et al, 2013;Garai-Ibabe et al, 2014) have been developed, each of which is suitable for different purposes and can be improved on user demand. The existing methods can solve problems in AChE activity determination.…”

“…The existing methods can solve problems in AChE activity determination. However, these methods cannot accurately measure AChE activity in low amounts of biological media without labor-intensive sample preparation procedures (Holas et al, 2012). The colorimetric Ellman method (Ellman et al, 1961) is the common standard for determining the total AChE activity in human blood.…”

Assessment of Enzyme Inhibition: A Review with Examples from the Development of Monoamine Oxidase and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Drugs<strong> </strong>

“…Such assays are sometimes carried out in the field where elaborate laboratory equipment is not available and a high degree of accuracy is not required. The details of such methods have been covered in excellent reviews [136,185,186]. More sophisticated procedures are necessary for studies on the mechanisms of inhibition and the kinetic constants involved.…”

Sensing activity of cholinesterases through a luminescence response of the hexarhenium cluster complex [{Re6S8}(OH)6]4−

“…Sensing the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is of particular importance due to its crucial role in living systems in terminating the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). [21][22][23][24] Moreover, inhibition of AChE by various chemicals is widely applied in the detection and monitoring of carbamates and organophosphorus pesticides and chemical warfare nerve agents [25][26][27] and in the development of cholinesterase inhibitors for palliative treatment of Alzheimer's disease and myasthenia gravis. [28][29][30][31] Numerous techniques have been reported for determination of cholinesterase (ChE) activity and its inhibition.…”