The Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment of Exosomes and MicroRNAs on Epileptic Comorbidity Depression

Wei, Nian; Zhang, Haiqing; Wang, Jing; Shen, Wang; Lv, Wenbo; Luo, Limei; Zhou, Xu

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00405

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…to regulate development, metabolism and other pathophysiological processes [19,25] . In the central nervous system, exosomes also play an important role in the occurrence and development of epilepsy due to their regulatory effects on immune response, neurogenesis and other aspects [26,27] . have found that kanoic acid induced epilepsy model can increase the release of exosomes in mouse brain tissue [28] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum exosome-mediated expression of ITGAX in hippocampus as a novel mechanism of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in epilepsy

Wei

Wang

Tai

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological diseases, of which up to one third of patients have drug-resistant epilepsy. Recently, there is increasing evidence that exosomes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Based on the previous results of serum exosome proteomics, this study aims to explore the pathogenesis of epilepsy from the perspective of exosomes. Methods The protein ITGAX was identified in previous proteomic studies. Firstly, ITGAX adeno-associated virus was injected through tail vein and exosome inhibitor was intraperitoneally injected to intervene the content of ITGAX in peripheral circulation and serum exosomes respectively, and then the expression of ITGAX in hippocampus was detected after intervention, so as to confirm the relationship between exosomes and the pathogenesis of epilepsy from the perspective of protein. Then, the effects of ITGAX expression changes on seizure latency and blood-brain barrier were observed by ethology and the detection of the blood-brain barrier-related molecules by Western blotting and ELISA. Results The results showed that, for epilepsy model, the expression of ITGAX in serum exosomes and hippocampus were both up-regulated. After reducing the expression of ITGAX in peripheral circulation and exosomes in serum, the level of ITGAX in hippocampus also decreased correspondingly. Behavioral results showed that down-regulation of ITGAX expression in hippocampus could prolong the latency of seizures and ameliorate the damage of blood-brain barrier. Conclusions This study is the first to demonstrate that exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy from the perspective of the transport of exosomes from the peripheral circulation to the central nervous system, and it indicates that ITGAX is highly expressed in the hippocampus from peripheral serum into the central nervous system mediated by exosomes, and its involvement in epileptic seizure mechanism may be related to changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum exosome-mediated expression of ITGAX in hippocampus as a novel mechanism of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in epilepsy

Wei

Wang

Tai

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Epilepsy occurs when an abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain leads to transient dysfunction of the CNS. 257 The presence of epilepsy in neurodegenerative diseases is increasingly recognized, 258 and its incidence is still underestimated. In recent years, several studies have established the relationship among exosomes, miRNAs, and epilepsy.…”

Section: Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

Pang

et al. 2023

MedComm

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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of about 100 nm that are naturally secreted by cells into body fluids. They are derived from endosomes and are wrapped in lipid membranes. Exosomes are involved in intracellular metabolism and intercellular communication. They contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites from the cell microenvironment and cytoplasm. The contents of exosomes can reflect their cells’ origin and allow the observation of tissue changes and cell states under disease conditions. Naturally derived exosomes have specific biomolecules that act as the “fingerprint” of the parent cells, and the contents changed under pathological conditions can be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Exosomes have low immunogenicity, are small in size, and can cross the blood–brain barrier. These characteristics make exosomes unique as engineering carriers. They can incorporate therapeutic drugs and achieve targeted drug delivery. Exosomes as carriers for targeted disease therapy are still in their infancy, but exosome engineering provides a new perspective for cell‐free disease therapy. This review discussed exosomes and their relationship with the occurrence and treatment of some neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, future applications of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders were evaluated in this review.

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“…According to statistics, epilepsy is one of the common diseases of the nervous system [9], and the annual incidence of epilepsy is (50 -70)/100,000. The prevalence rate was about 5‰.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on MiRNA Epigenetic Intervention for Epilepsy

Hu¹,

Mo²,

Cheng³

2022

JBM

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MiRNAs are a family of small non-coding RNAs that control levels of multiple proteins by post-transcriptionally decreasing messenger RNA stability and translation. MiRNA is a part of the epigenetic machinery. In addition to post-transcriptional gene silencing by miRNAs, the epigenetic mechanisms also include DNA methylation, histone modifications and their crosstalk. Epigenetic modifications were reported to play an important role in many disease onsets and progressions and can be used to explain several features of epilepsy. However, miRNA not only function as a part of epigenetic machinery, but are also epigenetically modified by DNA methylation and histone modification like any other protein-coding gene. There is a strong connection between epigenetic and MiRNA, and any dysregulation of this complex system can result in various physiological and pathological conditions. Currently, there is an unmet need for antiepileptic drugs that truly prevent the development of epilepsy in high-risk populations. New findings in animal models and human brain tissue suggest that microRNAs play a crucial role in epileptogenesis and the pathophysiology of chronic epilepsy. Objectives: This paper focuses on the epigenetic role of miRNA in the development of epilepsy and potential targets for drug therapy. Methods: In this paper, through the keywords epilepsy, epigenetic, methylation, miRNA, non-coding RNA search in PubMed, SPIS, GeenMedical, Google Scholar and Web of Science, to study the potential application of miRNA epigenetic regulation in the treatment of epilepsy. Results: Future treatments that manipulate miRNA epigenetic processes, such as Anti-oligonucleotides, DNA methylation and Nucleic Acid Aptamers, to treat or prevent epilepsy. Conclusion: Overall, miRNA epigenetic drugs have become a new frontier target to achieve a cure for epilepsy.

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The Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment of Exosomes and MicroRNAs on Epileptic Comorbidity Depression

Cited by 9 publications

References 107 publications

Serum exosome-mediated expression of ITGAX in hippocampus as a novel mechanism of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in epilepsy

Serum exosome-mediated expression of ITGAX in hippocampus as a novel mechanism of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in epilepsy

Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

Study on MiRNA Epigenetic Intervention for Epilepsy

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