The Programming Languages of IEC 61131-3

John, Karl-Heinz; Tiegelkamp, Michael

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-12015-2_4

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, many students have designed and built simulations of cyber-physical systems, following the IEC 61131-3 standard [ 43 ], focusing on solutions supporting industrial and general public customers during the pandemic. During the pandemic, the development of simulated systems by the students introduced them the concept of “digital twins” [ 44 ], which allows, e.g., designing of the configuration, motion, control, and optimization model of a flow-type smart manufacturing system [ 45 ] and then a possibly rapid reconfiguration of an automated manufacturing system via an open architecture model [ 46 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The added value of this kind of platform [ 84 , 85 , 86 ] is that their users (students and researchers) are not working with a simulation platform but a real cyber-physical system. In some way, using this product of our research and the existing platforms discussed above leads to use real implementation of “digital twins” [ 44 ] and preparing the students to engineer and to manage complex systems in an abstracted and virtualize way like advanced systems work nowadays, for example, in agriculture [ 87 ] or healthcare [ 88 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Training the Next Industrial Engineers and Managers about Industry 4.0: A Case Study about Challenges and Opportunities in the COVID-19 Era

Benis

Nelke

Winokur

2021

Sensors

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Training the next generation of industrial engineers and managers is a constant challenge for academia, given the fast changes of industrial technology. The current and predicted development trends in applied technologies affecting industry worldwide as formulated in the Industry 4.0 initiative have clearly emphasized the needs for constantly adapting curricula. The sensible socioeconomic changes generated by the COVID-19 pandemic have induced significant challenges to society in general and industry. Higher education, specifically when dealing with Industry 4.0, must take these new challenges rapidly into account. Modernization of the industrial engineering curriculum combined with its migration to a blended teaching landscape must be updated in real-time with real-world cases. The COVID-19 crisis provides, paradoxically, an opportunity for dealing with the challenges of training industrial engineers to confront a virtual dematerialized work model which has accelerated during and will remain for the foreseeable future after the pandemic. The paper describes the methodology used for adapting, enhancing, and evaluating the learning and teaching experience under the urgent and unexpected challenges to move from face-to-face university courses distant and online teaching. The methodology we describe is built on a process that started before the onset of the pandemic, hence in the paper we start by describing the pre-COVID-19 status in comparison to published initiatives followed by the real time modifications we introduced in the faculty to adapt to the post-COVID-19 teaching/learning era. The focus presented is on Industry 4.0. subjects at the leading edge of the technology changes affecting the industrial engineering and technology management field. The manuscript addresses the flow from system design subjects to implementation areas of the curriculum, including practical examples and the rapid decisions and changes made to encompass the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on content and teaching methods including feedback received from participants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training the Next Industrial Engineers and Managers about Industry 4.0: A Case Study about Challenges and Opportunities in the COVID-19 Era

Benis

Nelke

Winokur

2021

Sensors

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“…The popularity and widespread use of OpenPLC can be attributed to its open-source nature, providing freely accessible source code, and its alignment with the common programming languages specified by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61131-3 [10]. Moreover, OpenPLC exhibits compatibility with a diverse array of low-cost hardware devices, including Raspberry Pi, Arduino, BeagleBone, and others.…”

Section: A Openplc Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Requests 9 to send HTTP packets. OS 10 to access the project files and modify them. hashlib 11 to create message digest for the Whitelisting function.…”

Section: ) Software and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Security of OpenPLC: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and Mitigation Solutions

Alsabbagh,

Kim,

Langendörfer

2024

IEEE Access

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Open-source Programmable Logic Controller (OpenPLC) software is designed to be vendornatural and run on almost any computer or low-cost embedded devices e.g., Raspberry Pi, Ardunio, and other controllers. The aim of this project is to introduce an affordable and practical alternative solution for the high-cost of real hardware PLCs, and has successfully gained substantial interest within both the research and industrial communities. Due to its popularity grows, understanding its security vulnerabilities and implementing effective mitigation strategies become crucial. Through a combination of threat modeling, vulnerability analysis, and practical experiments, this article provides valuable insights for developers, researchers, and engineers aiming to deploy OpenPLC securely in industrial environments. To this end, we first conducted an in-depth analysis aimed to shed light on various security challenges and vulnerabilities within the OpenPLC project. These encompass issues such as unauthorized access, vulnerabilities in communication protocols, concerns regarding data integrity, the absence of robust encryption mechanisms, etc. After that, we showed the research community what the consequences of those vulnerabilities would be if they are exploited. To this end, we performed a sophisticated control logic injection attack that maliciously modifies the user program run on the OpenPLC Runtime. Our injection was stealthy and not detected by the legitimate user. Finally, we introduced a security-enhanced OpenPLC software called OpenPLC Aqua. Our developed software is equipped with a set of security solutions designed specifically to address the vulnerabilities to which current OpenPLC versions are prone. All our attack codes as well OpenPLC Aqua software are publically available.

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“…A program written in SFC language can be described by a sequence of steps. 13,14 The steps appear as square boxes in the program. In an SFC program, there has to be an initial step, which is indicated with a double line frame.…”

Section: Sequential Control Based On Lookup Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcontroller implementation of lookup table-based control functions with special emphasis on sequential control according to IEC 61131-3

Lamár

Zalotay

2015

International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education

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This paper covers the possibility of retraining for those electrical engineering undergraduate students already having some basic digital knowledge. It gives a solution to lead the students to the microcontroller-based program control of complex industrial tasks with a uniform approach. It presumes that the students are familiar with combinational and sequential logic, know the hardware and software basics of microcontroller systems, and have experience in the use of C program language. Building upon these, it presents a lookup table-based control description system for simple combinational solutions to complicated sequential controls. It separately details this kind of implementation of sequential controls according to the Sequential Function Chart (SFC) program language corresponding with the standard IEC 61131-3. For the processing of the tabular data describing the controls, it provides interpreter programs independent from the current tasks. Teaching outcomes are discussed in the final part of the paper.

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The Programming Languages of IEC 61131-3

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Training the Next Industrial Engineers and Managers about Industry 4.0: A Case Study about Challenges and Opportunities in the COVID-19 Era

Training the Next Industrial Engineers and Managers about Industry 4.0: A Case Study about Challenges and Opportunities in the COVID-19 Era

Investigating the Security of OpenPLC: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and Mitigation Solutions

Microcontroller implementation of lookup table-based control functions with special emphasis on sequential control according to IEC 61131-3

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