The Prognostic Value of Serum Albumin to Globulin Ratio in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Objective This study examined the potential risk value of the serum albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) in patients with breast cancer (BC). Methods This study employed a retrospective design, enrolling 332 patients with BC and 38 patients without BC treated at Taizhou People’s Hospital between September 2015 and May 2021. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to identify potential risk factors. A prognostic nomogram was developed based on the multivariate analyses. The receiver operating characteristic curve determined the optimal cutoff value for AGR. Results The results indicated a statistically significant decrease in AGR among patients with BC. Significant disparities were observed in globulin and AGR levels between the two cohorts. AGR was significantly associated with tumor size and stage, with a marked decline in advanced stages of BC. Additionally, AGR and aspartate transaminase/Alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) emerged as significant diagnostic indicators for invasive carcinoma and advanced stages (II–IV) of BC. Specifically, AGR exhibited an area under the curve of 0.645 (P < 0.003), highlighting the discriminatory capacity of serum globulin levels in distinguishing between BC and non-BC cohorts. Conclusions The AGR, routinely assessed due to its simplicity, objectivity, and cost-effectiveness, holds promise as a potential risk factor for BC and may have practical implications in clinical settings.