The Prognostic Value of Plasma Viremia in HIV-Infected Patients Under AZT Treatment

Ruffault, Annick; Michelet, Christian; Jacquelinet, C; Guist'hau, Odile; Genetet, N.; Bariou, Catherine; Colimon, R.; Cartier, F

doi:10.1097/00042560-199507000-00004

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Although we have a modest study population, our results are in accordance with previous studies (8,12,21,26) that implicate a decrease in the immune cellular response (reduction in the number of CD4 ϩ T helper lymphocytes) and a nonspecific immune activation (increased levels of ␤ 2 -microglobulin and IgA in serum) (10,20) as two of the likely mechanisms involved in developing AIDS. These two mechanisms, either singly or together, appear to favor an increase in HIV replication and virus load (higher levels of p24 in serum) (19). Although our results showed that no significant advantage is gained by measuring serum p24 concentration and, in fact, 38 (51%) HIV ϩ patients had undetectable p24 levels, other studies have correlated levels of p24 HIV-1 antigen with central nervous system symptomatology (25).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Immunological markers of disease progression in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

Pascale

Isaacs

Contreras

et al. 1997

Clin Diagn Lab Immunol

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Identification of inexpensive and technically simple immunological tests useful in predicting the progression to AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients would be especially welcome in developing countries, in which 80% of the HIV-infected patients reside and health budgets are low. In the current study, we evaluated CD4 ؉ and total lymphocyte counts and the concentrations in serum of ␤ 2-microglobulin, p24 antigen, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) as predictors of disease progression in 74 Panamanian HIV-positive patients and 50 HIV-negative healthy individuals. Total lymphocyte and CD4 ؉-cell counts for AIDS patients (1,451 ؎ 811 cells/l, P < 0.001, and 238 ؎ 392 cells/l, P < 0.0001, respectively) and asymptomatic patients (2,393 ؎ 664 cells/l, P > 0.05, and 784 ؎ 475 cells/l, P < 0.001, respectively) were lower than those observed for healthy subjects (2,596 ؎ 631 cells/l and 1,120 ؎ 296 cells/l, respectively). The levels of ␤ 2-microglobulin and IgA in serum were significantly elevated in patients with AIDS (5.7 ؎ 3.6 mg/liter, P < 0.0001, and 541 ؎ 265 mg/dl, P < 0.0001, respectively) and asymptomatic infected subjects (3.4 ؎ 2.1 mg/liter, P ‫؍‬ 0.001, and 436 ؎ 216 mg/dl, P < 0.0001, respectively) compared with the levels in healthy subjects (2.2 ؎ 0.7 mg/liter and 204 ؎ 113 mg/dl, respectively). Nonstatistically significant differences (P > 0.05) for concentrations of p24 antigen between asymptomatic infected patients (29 ؎ 13 pg/ml) and AIDS patients (40 ؎ 23 pg/ml) were observed. Total lymphocyte counts of 1,750 cells/l or less, CD4 counts of 200 cells/l or less, ␤ 2-microglobulin concentrations in serum of 4 mg/liter or higher, concentrations of IgA in serum of 450 mg/dl or higher, and the presence in serum of p24 antigen were correlated with elevated risks for developing AIDS. Monitoring both total lymphocytes and ␤ 2-microglobulin identified 91% of the AIDS patients; these assays may allow reductions in the annual number of CD4 ؉-cell evaluations and the costs associated with monitoring the immune status of HIV-positive patients.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Immunological markers of disease progression in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

Pascale

Isaacs

Contreras

et al. 1997

Clin Diagn Lab Immunol

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“…Some authors have shown plasma antigenaemia to be a surrogate marker for disease progression [Ruffault et al, 1995;Lafeuillade et al, 1994;De Gruttola et al, 1994;Hofer, 1994], but the limited sensitivity and dynamic range of the procedure have restricted its use to the subset of patients with high viral loads in whom antigen levels can be followed. In our follow-up study, we found a 40% positivity rate with Innotest and 21% with Coulter, respectively (Table II).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV isolation can predict better [Ruffault et al, 1995] therapeutic efficacy of antiretroviral agents in drug trials. The use of RT (reverse transcriptase test) as a mark for HIV production suffers from technical difficulties, lack of specificity, and a long incubation time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a newly developed HIV antigen test

et al. 1997

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A new monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay (Innogenetics) for the detection and quantification of p24 core antigens of HIV-1 (group M and group O) and of HIV-2 was evaluated on 2745 serum samples and 18 culture supernatants and compared with a reference (Coulter) HIV-1 p24 antigen assay. Positive results were confirmed by neutralization with the reagents of the respective tests. As demonstrated by dilution series of HIV cocultures, the new test recognizes p24 antigen of the most common HIV genetic subtypes, including group O and HIV-2. Titres ranged from 729 to 531441. Therefore p24 antigen assay is but very weakly reactive with HIV-2 (titres from 9 to 81). The new test is considerably more sensitive than the reference. In a population of 365 follow-up samples from 86 different patients, representing all stages of infection, the new test detected p24 antigen at least once in 52% (45/86) of these patients, whereas the reference was positive in 31% (27/86). The newly designed test detected antigen in 40% (145/365) of the samples, while the reference was positive in 21% (75/365). In a group of PCR and/or culture positive neonates, 33% (9/27) of the samples were positive with the new test versus 18% (5/27) with the reference. The specificity of the new test, as determined on 2,000 blood donor samples, was 99.65% (initially), 99.80% (after repetition), and 100% (with neutralization). The reference scored 99.95%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. In 300 seronegative samples from persons at risk, the initial specificity of the new test was 98.67% (the reference, 99.00%). With neutralization, both assays were 100% specific.

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“…MRC-5, 293T and Vero cell lines were obtained from the European Collection of Cell Cultures ( ). Martin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from the University Hospital (Pontchaillou, Rennes, France) and maintained as previously described ( Ruffault et al ., 1992 , 1995 ). The Vit-MA strain of mumps virus, isolated from a patient at the Reims hospital (France), was amplified in Vero cells and titrated by plaque assay.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral responses of human Leydig cells to mumps virus infection or poly I:C stimulation

et al. 2008

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BACKGROUNDThe immuno-privileged status of the testis is essential to the maintenance of its functions, and innate immunity is likely to play a key role in limiting harmful viral infections, as demonstrated in the rat. In men mumps virus infects Leydig cells and has deleterious effects on testosterone production and spermatogenesis. The aim of this study was to test whether mumps virus infection of isolated human Leydig cells was associated with an inhibition of their innate antiviral defences.METHODSLeydig cell production of mRNA and protein for interferons (IFNs) and of three antiviral proteins—2′5′ oligoadenylate synthetase (2′5′OAS), double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and MxA—was investigated, in the absence or presence of mumps virus or viral stimuli including poly I:C, a mimetic of RNA viruses replication product.RESULTSStimulated or not, human Leydig cells appeared unable to produce routinely detectable IFNs α, β and γ. Although the level of PKR remained unchanged after stimulation, the expression of 2′5′OAS and MxA was enhanced following either mumps virus or poly I:C exposure (P < 0.05 versus control).CONCLUSIONSOverall, our results demonstrate that mumps virus replication in human Leydig cells is not associated with a specific inhibition of IFNs or 2′5′OAS, MxA and PKR production and that these cells display relatively weak endogenous antiviral abilities, as opposed to their rat counterparts.

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The Prognostic Value of Plasma Viremia in HIV-Infected Patients Under AZT Treatment

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Immunological markers of disease progression in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

Immunological markers of disease progression in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

Evaluation of a newly developed HIV antigen test

Antiviral responses of human Leydig cells to mumps virus infection or poly I:C stimulation

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