The Prognostic Value of Domain-Specific Cognitive Abilities Assessed by Chinese Version of Oxford Cognitive Screen on Determining ADLs Recovery in Patients with Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment

Abstract

Background. Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) has been increasingly recognized in patients. However, it remains unclear whether ADLs recovery is more susceptible to domain-specific cognitive abilities after a stroke. Therefore, the study was designed to investigate the cognitive functions of patients with PSCI at admission by using the Chinese (Putonghua) Version of the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-P) as well as to identify the prognostic value of domain-specific cognitive abilities on the recovery of ADLs when discharged. Methods. A total of 153 hospitalized stroke patients were included in this prospective study. Cognitive function was assessed by OCS-P when participants were admitted to the hospital. The ADLs were measured at admission and discharge, and recovery was estimated by the improvement between admission and discharge. A diagnostic model using logistic regression was constructed to identify the prognostic value of domain-specific cognitive abilities for ADLs. The efficacy and accuracy of the diagnostic model were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow’s goodness of fit test. The diagnostic model was validated by 10-fold cross-validation and presented as a nomogram. Results. The score of OCS-P was 60(49.75, 69). The most frequently impaired cognitive domain was number writing (60.8%), followed by verbal memory (52.9%). Multivariate logistic regression showed executive dysfunction was a risk prognostic factor of ADLs recovery ( P < 0.001 , OR = 3.176 [95% CI, 1.218∼8.278]). The ROC curve of the diagnostic model was 0.839, with a good diagnostic efficacy. Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed diagnostic model had good calibration ability (χ2 = 8.939.3, P = 0.347 > 0.05 ). The average error rate after adjustment of 10-fold cross-validation was 20.93%, within the acceptable range. Conclusions. Post-stroke patients generally suffered from multidimensional cognitive impairments. Executive dysfunction screened with OCS-P at clinical admission was a reliable and accessible predictive factor ADLs recovery in patients with PSCI. Early targeted rehabilitation programs are suggested to make them as earlier as possible, especially for those having executive dysfunction while hospitalized.

Oxford cognitive screen: A critical review and independent psychometric evaluation

“…The OCS has several advantages over other tests, including the focus on stroke-specific aspects of cognition (e.g. visual inattention and visual field test), which were found to be distinct factors in this study; the large normative sample, which factored in certain key demographic variables; attempts to make the assessment more inclusive for patients with aphasia and visual impairment, some prognostic value at predicting longterm functioning (Lin et al, 2022) and this study has established a norms for expected change over time on the OCS B. As such, it is not surprising that the OCS has become the post-stroke cognitive screening test of choice within the United Kingdom.…”