The Prognostic Value of Derivatives-Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (d-ROMs) for Cardiovascular Disease Events and Mortality: A Review

Abstract

Oxidative stress participates in the development and exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The ability to promptly quantify an imbalance in an individual reductive-oxidative (RedOx) state could improve cardiovascular risk assessment and management. Derivatives-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) are an emerging biomarker of oxidative stress quantifiable in minutes through standard biochemical analysers or by a bedside point-of-care test. The current review evaluates available data on the prognostic value of d-ROMs for CVD events and mortality in individuals with known and unknown CVD. Outcome studies involving small and large cohorts were analysed and hazard ratio, risk ratio, odds ratio, and mean differences were used as measures of effect. High d-ROM plasma levels were found to be an independent predictor of CVD events and mortality. Risk begins increasing at d-ROM levels higher than 340 UCARR and rises considerably above 400 UCARR. Conversely, low d-ROM plasma levels are a good negative predictor for CVD events in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure. Moreover, combining d-ROMs with other relevant biomarkers routinely used in clinical practice might support a more precise cardiovascular risk assessment. We conclude that d-ROMs represent an emerging oxidative-stress-related biomarker with the potential for better risk stratification both in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention.

Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women with or without Obesity

“…Oxidative stress is recognized as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of metabolic alterations including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and its complications [ 26 ], cancer [ 27 ], and CVD [ 12 ]. High total hydroperoxide plasma levels constitute an independent predictor of CVD events and mortality [ 28 , 29 ] and predict CAD in women [ 19 ]. Oxidative stress also plays a role in the decline of muscle mass and function (i.e., sarcopenia) observed during the aging process [ 10 ] and has been postulated to enhance bone resorption, possibly contributing to osteoporosis [ 30 ] and osteosarcopenic obesity [ 31 ].…”

“…The strengths of this study include its use of the d-ROMs test, i.e., a simple test that is already available as a point-of-care in vitro diagnostic and could, therefore, be easily implemented in clinical practice [ 29 ], and its use of DXA to determine VAT. Some limitations should be acknowledged.…”

Polyunsaturated and Saturated Oxylipin Plasma Levels Allow Monitoring the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression to Severe Stages

“…Lipotoxicity exerts a key role in the pathogenesis of NASH [ 7 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL-c), as well as fatty acid oxidized metabolites and other reactive metabolites, are increased in patients with NASH compared with those with NAFLD [ 16 , 18 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Since most polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) oxidized metabolites are endogenous signaling molecules [ 26 ], the identification of changes in specific lipid mediators depending on the different degrees of NAFLD might shed light onto the mechanisms contributing to the progression of this disease and reveal novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers.…”

Genetically determined serum bilirubin level and the risk of heart failure: A mendelian randomization study

“…Due to the progress made in alleviating ischemic cardiomyopathy, growing prevalence in comorbidities and aging, the prevalence of HF has been constantly climbing (Ponikowski et al, 2016;Castiglione et al, 2022). Overwhelmed oxidative stress has been recognized as the common pathological mechanism underlying the development of HF (Lambeth, 2004;Luo et al, 2021;Pigazzani et al, 2022). Increased oxidative stress could result in myocardial growth abnormity, extracellular matrix remodeling and cardiac energy metabolism disturbance (Senoner and Dichtl, 2019;Rotariu et al, 2022;Singh et al, 2022).…”

“…Increased oxidative stress could result in myocardial growth abnormity, extracellular matrix remodeling and cardiac energy metabolism disturbance (Senoner and Dichtl, 2019;Rotariu et al, 2022;Singh et al, 2022). Currently, strategies aiming at alleviating the oxidative stress have become heated topics in treating HF (Wang et al, 2021;Pigazzani et al, 2022).…”