The profiles of interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐6, and interferon‐gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from house‐dust‐mite‐allergic patients: a role for IL‐6 in allergic disease

McHugh, SM; Wilson, Anne B.; Deighton, John; Lachmann, P. J.; Ewan, PW

doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb02098.x

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The possibility that Th2-type cytokines instead play a part in the pathogenesis of ACD, as is the case in atopic allergies [28][29][30], is not always considered. However, despite the correlations observed between patch test reactivity and cytokines representing both Th1-type and Th2- .................................................................................................................................................................................................... [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although no consideration with regard to the atopic status of the subjects was taken when including subjects in the study, their IgE plasma levels were measured, because it is a blunt but nevertheless relevant correlate for the atopic status [29,30]. It is reasonable to expect a possible influence of the atopic status on the response to contact allergens, because atopic conditions can modulate responses to nonallergen antigens towards Th2-type [28,31]. Also, it was recently shown that Ni 2þ contact allergic subjects with concomitant atopic dermatitis responded to Ni 2þ with lower proliferative as well as IL-2 in vitro responses in comparison with Ni 2þ -allergic subjects free of atopic dermatitis symptoms [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nickel Elicits Concomitant and Correlated in vitro Production of Th1‐, Th2‐Type and Regulatory Cytokines in Subjects with Contact Allergy to Nickel

et al. 2005

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Nickel (Ni 2þ ) elicits production of functionally distinct cytokines in vitro, but the relation between the cytokine profile and the degree of the allergic reaction in vivo needs to be better defined in order to improve the understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in contact allergy and to facilitate development of in vitro diagnostics. The aim of the study was to define Th1-type [interferon-g (IFN-g)], Th2-type [interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13] and regulatory (IL-10) cytokine responses to Ni 2þ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from subjects with varying patch test reactivity to Ni 2þ . The study included subjects with strong (þ3), moderate (þ2), weak (þ1) or negative (controls) patch test reactivity to Ni 2þ (n ¼ 10 per group). All þ3 and þ2 subjects but only three þ1 subjects had a clinical history of contact allergy to Ni 2þ . Cytokine production of PBMC stimulated with Ni 2þ was determined by enzyme-linked immunospot and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ni 2þ elicited significant production of all cytokines in PBMC from patch-test-positive subjects versus controls with a positive correlation between each cytokine and the patch test reactivity as well as with other cytokines. More subjects responded to Ni 2þ above cut-off values with Th2-type cytokines as compared with IFN-g or IL-10; 100% of þ3, 80% of þ2, 50% of þ1 and 0% of control subjects displayed reactivity to Ni 2þ based on IL-4 and IL-13 assays. Despite the prevailing view of Ni 2þ allergy as a type-1-mediated condition, the in vivo reactivity to Ni 2þ correlated with a mixed Th1-type, Th2-type and regulatory cytokine response to Ni 2þ in vitro. The results accentuate the importance of type 2 responses in contact allergy and also demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-13 are reliable markers for Ni 2þ allergy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel Elicits Concomitant and Correlated in vitro Production of Th1‐, Th2‐Type and Regulatory Cytokines in Subjects with Contact Allergy to Nickel

et al. 2005

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“…IL-6 and IL-8 are known to stimulate proliferation of cultured human keratinocytes [19, 20]and IL-8 causes skin inflammation characterized by neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration [20]. Increased numbers of IL-8-producing cells are found in the dermis of atopic patients [21], and PBMC from patients with AD produced significantly higher levels of IL-6 and IL-8 compared to healthy nonatopic controls [8, 9]. McHugh et al [8]showed that early and sustained production of large amounts of IL-6 typifies the immune response to specific allergens in atopic patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Altered cytokine and chemokine production by T cells and monocytes/macrophages is a key step in the induction of inflammatory skin reactions in AD [3, 4, 8, 9, 10]. IL-6 and IL-8 are known to stimulate proliferation of cultured human keratinocytes [19, 20]and IL-8 causes skin inflammation characterized by neutrophilic and lymphocytic infiltration [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Low-Dose Cyclosporin A Microemulsion on Disease Severity, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production in Severe Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis

Bunikowski

Gerhold

Bräutigam

et al. 2001

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: The release of cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] by skin cells is involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Objective: To evaluate the effect of low-dose cyclosporin A (CyA) on clinical symptoms and cytokine secretion in severe pediatric AD. Methods: Ten children with severe AD (SCORAD index >50) were treated for 8 weeks with CyA. The initial dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day was titrated to a maximum of 5 mg/kg/day until a SCORAD reduction of ≧35% was achieved (‘treatment response’). After stopping CyA all patients entered a 4-week follow-up period. Cytokine secretion (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) from patients’ PBMC was assessed by ELISA before and after CyA treatment and was compared with 18 healthy nonatopic controls. Only the data of patients, who responded to CyA and did not experience a relapse during the follow-up period, were evaluated for this paper. Results: Seven patients responded to CyA without relapse during the follow-up period. The median SCORAD index in these patients improved from 71 at baseline to 22 after CyA treatment (p < 0.001). AD patients’ PBMC produced more IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α than PBMC of controls. Suppression of IL-6 (p < 0.05) and IL-8 (p < 0.05) production was observed after CyA treatment. TNF-α levels were unchanged by CyA in all patients. Conclusions: The reduction in severity of pediatric AD with CyA is associated with decreased production of IL-6 and IL-8, but not TNF-α by PBMC.

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Kinetics and functional implications of Th1 and Th2 cytokine production following activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in primary culture

et al. 1996

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The importance of cytokine production in some disease processes is now widely recognized. To investigate temporal relationships between cytokines, we stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro using the T cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and various antigens chosen to induce predominantly Th1 (streptokinase: streptodornase or purified protein derivative) or Th2 (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, bee or wasp venom: allergens in sensitive subjects) responses. Cytokine production was measured by sensitive bioassays or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Of the 30 subjects studied, 10 were normal and 20 individuals were allergic to either D. pteronyssinus (n = 10) or bee venom (n = 10) (examined before specific allergen immunotherapy). We examined the temporal profiles of a panel of cytokines produced in primary culture. In PHA-driven cultures, cytokines were found to be sequentially produced in the order interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-3, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-10, IL-6, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The response to allergen in allergic patients was predominantly Th2 in nature, with the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10, but little or no IFN-gamma. IL-2, IL-3, TNF-alpha and IL-12 were also produced in low amounts. The response of both atopic and normal subjects to recall bacterial antigens was predominantly Th1, with high levels of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and TNF-alpha. The relevance of the order, amount and speed of production, characteristic kinetics (production, consumption, homeostatic regulation) and the cell source of the cytokines are discussed.

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The profiles of interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐6, and interferon‐gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from house‐dust‐mite‐allergic patients: a role for IL‐6 in allergic disease

Cited by 20 publications

References 29 publications

Nickel Elicits Concomitant and Correlated in vitro Production of Th1‐, Th2‐Type and Regulatory Cytokines in Subjects with Contact Allergy to Nickel

Nickel Elicits Concomitant and Correlated in vitro Production of Th1‐, Th2‐Type and Regulatory Cytokines in Subjects with Contact Allergy to Nickel

Effect of Low-Dose Cyclosporin A Microemulsion on Disease Severity, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production in Severe Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis

Kinetics and functional implications of Th1 and Th2 cytokine production following activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in primary culture

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