The profile and detection of bribery in Norway and England &amp; Wales: A comparative study

Andresen, Mari Sognnaes; Button, Mark

doi:10.1177/1477370818764827

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…However, in other research analysing domestic and international bribery in England and Wales, domestic bribes tend to be 'cheaper' than foreign ones (Andresen & Button, 2018, p. 9). More specifically, 95% of convictions involving bribes under £100,000 were domestic (and 5% were overseas), whereas only 40% of convictions involving bribes over £100,000 were domestic, with 60% overseas (Andresen & Button, 2018). This was later reinforced in interviews with senior CPS staff who alluded to domestic bribery involving relatively small amounts in terms of payments made and a wide geography of cases.…”

Section: The Nature and Scope Of Domestic Briberymentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing a divergent response? The UK approach to bribery in international and domestic contexts

Lord

Doig

Levi

et al. 2020

Public Money & Management

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This paper analyses UK domestic bribery. The authors argue that in both domestic and international contexts, cases are not numerically significant but that changes in how the UK government approaches bribery in the international context means that, where once domestic bribery was addressed more rigorously than bribery in the international context, this imbalance may be being steadily reversed. The paper concludes by setting out the implications that this identifiable divergence may have for the effective policing of bribery in the domestic context. The paper makes an empirical and theoretical contribution to the literature on corruption in the UK. IMPACT This paper analyses the UK response to bribery and corruption and provides evidence of a divergent approach, in terms of strategy, policy and enforcement action, to addressing bribery in the domestic and international contexts. This has adverse implications for the prevention, detection, and investigation of bribery. In order to reduce the divergence and reinforce the domestic focus, governments need to ensure better and more detailed data for monitoring of the extent of bribery, the presence of a single lead for the domestic context to ensure consistency and coordination , and the availability of training for relevant staff to make certain relevant stakeholders are alert to emerging corruption issues. The empirically informed insights and arguments in this paper are relevant to policy-makers and practitioners working in the area of anti-corruption, as well as non-governmental organizations seeking to scrutinize anti-corruption strategies, policies and practice in the UK.

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Section: The Nature and Scope Of Domestic Briberymentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing a divergent response? The UK approach to bribery in international and domestic contexts

Lord

Doig

Levi

et al. 2020

Public Money & Management

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“…Bussman and Werle [ 24 ] conducted a victimization survey and reported that perpetrators where highly educated, high social status, males over the age of 40. A more recent study conducted in England and Wales and Norway also reports that perpetrators of bribery were male and middle aged [ 25 ]. Similar to this study, Andersen and Button, as well as the ACFE’s Report to the Nation, reinforce that the profiles of white-collar perpetrators are predominately male, middle-aged (approximately 40 years old) and highly educated.…”

Section: Predictors Of Loss Due To Pharmaceutical Fraudmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of loss due to pharmaceutical fraud: evidence from the U.S.

Timofeyev

Hayes

Jakovljević

2022

Cost Eff Resour Alloc

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Background Globally and in the U.S. in particular, pharmaceutical fraud account for a large number out of all crimes in health care, which result into severe costs to the society. The Academy of Managed Care Pharmacists (Fraud, waste, and abuse in prescription drug benefits. 2019. Posted May 20. https://www.amcp.org/policy-advocacy/policy-advocacy-focus-areas/where-we-stand-position-statements/fraud-waste-and-abuse-prescription-drug-benefits.) estimate that pharmacy fraud is 1% of costs, therefore estimating that pharmacy fraud costs at $3.5 billion, given that pharmacy costs are $358 billion (Statista. Prescription drug expenditure in the United States from 1960 to 2020. 2021. https://www.statista.com/statistics/184914/prescription-drug-expenditures-in-the-us-since-1960/). Aim This exploratory study aims to demonstrate a fraudster’s profile as well as to estimate average consequences in terms of costs and identify the loss predictors’ hierarchy in the pharmaceutical industry in the U.S. Materials and methods Data from the Corporate Prosecution Registry and mixed-effects models are utilized for this purpose. The dataset covers years 2001–2020 and 75 cases, falling into one of the following broad sub-categories: misbranding, counterfeit, off-label use of drugs/deceptive marketing; violation of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Results The main factors positively associated with loss due to pharmaceutical fraud are: (i) duration of , and (ii) the scheme and scheme being executed at a U.S. public company. Surprisingly, presence of collusion negatively and significantly effects the cost. Potential factors include: (a) principal perpetrator being a white American and/or male, and (b) number of employees at individual and organizational level respectively. Conclusion This study empirically justifies considering loss, due to pharmaceutical fraud, from a multi-level perspective. Identified profiles of a typical fraudster helped to elaborate on specific practical recommendations aimed at pharmaceutical fraud prevention in the U.S.

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“…We argue that signal intensity for tips to journalists normally is high, as whistleblowers tend to be upset and want to get attention (Andresen & Button, 2019). Furthermore, we suggest that signal alertness is high among journalists, as they are dependent on tips in their daily work to cover news stories.…”

Section: Investigative Journalistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Journalists always need sources to which they have no access unless the sources cooperate with the media. By being polite and receptive, journalists increase the likelihood that whistleblowers and others will contact the media when they learn of potential misconduct and crime (Andresen & Button, 2019). There seems to be a lot to learn from investigative media and their journalists.…”

Section: Investigative Journalistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gottschalk and Gunnesdal (2018) have estimated a detection rate for white-collar crime of less than 1 of 12 offenders in Norway, which seems supported by an empirical study of bribery detection in Norway by Andresen and Button (2019). The detection rate in the United States is even lower based on estimates of the magnitude of white-collar crime by the National White-Collar Crime Center (Huff et al, 2010) and the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE, 2008, 2014, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Filling the Gap in White-Collar Crime Detection Between Government and Governance: The Role of Investigative Journalists and Fraud Examiners

Gottschalk

2020

Journal of White Collar and Corporate Crime

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This article suggests that investigative journalists in the media and fraud examiners in private investigations have the potential of filling some of the detection gap. Based on the theory of crime signal detection, this article suggests that investigative journalists are in the position of detecting white-collar crime scandals as they rely on tips and whistleblowing. Empirical evidence from Norway documents that the media disclose a significant fraction of crime stories that later result in prosecution and conviction of white-collar offenders. Empirical evidence from Norway does not document any contribution from fraud examiners in private policing of economic crime, as they typically conclude with misconduct, but no crime, often to the satisfaction of their clients.

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The profile and detection of bribery in Norway and England & Wales: A comparative study

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Implementing a divergent response? The UK approach to bribery in international and domestic contexts

Implementing a divergent response? The UK approach to bribery in international and domestic contexts

Predictors of loss due to pharmaceutical fraud: evidence from the U.S.

Filling the Gap in White-Collar Crime Detection Between Government and Governance: The Role of Investigative Journalists and Fraud Examiners

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