I n January 1935, the leading weekly farming magazine in England, Farmer and Stockbreeder, began publication of a new series showcasing the work of "Successful Women Farmers." The opening page claimed that "it is generally not realised how many women are engaged in farming on their own account and making a success of it." 1 The series ran for eighteen months and was the culmination of a process that had seen farming promoted as a suitable career for women in England over the previous four decades. This was succinctly summed up by the farmer featured in March 1935, Miss Dillon. Asked for her view on farming as a profession for women, she remarked, "It's the finest life in the world." 2 Miss Dillon personified a new type of woman farmer in the 1930s. Educated and articulate, she ran an Oxfordshire farm with her friend Miss Corbett, producing milk for the wholesale trade. Farmer and Stockbreeder did not doubt that farmers such as Misses Dillon and Corbett encapsulated "the valuable work which women are doing throughout the country for the advancement of agriculture." 3 Historians have been more reticent. Women's work has emerged as a central research theme in the new English rural historiography in recent years, but female farmers-those who owned or rented land for cultivation-remain conspicuous by their absence. Nor has farming been considered in relation to the opening up of professions for women in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This article shows that debates about gender, class, and professionalization intersected in a unique way around farming. It will explore why farming came to be seen as a viable occupation for middle-class women in England and how the discourse was framed in such a Nicola Verdon is a reader in modern British history at Sheffield Hallam University. She has published widely on gender, employment, and households in the British countryside since 1800 and is currently writing a book on the history of the farm worker in England from 1850 to the present day. 1 394 Ⅵ VERDON way to assuage unease over gender roles and class position in the period before the First World War. The development of the primary paths to the professionalization of farming-agricultural education and training-will then be analyzed. How far these advances benefited women who moved into practical farming in the interwar period forms the focus of the final section. Utilizing personal accounts from women who farmed, this section explores whether farming was a profession that enabled middle-class women to lead economically, socially, and intellectually independent lives in the years before the Second World War.
Ⅵ Ⅵ ⅥWomen have always been involved in English farming. Once a subject that elicited little attention, the participation of women as paid workers in agriculture, as both day laborers and hired servants, now commands considerable debate among historians of rural England. The place of women in the agricultural workforce during the classic industrial revolution period, whether women were paid a market or a cus...