The production of vascular endothelial growth factor and metalloproteinase via protease-activated receptor in human endometrial stromal cells

Basic and Translational Research on Proteinase-Activated Receptors: Proteinase-Activated Receptors in Female Reproductive Tissues and Endometriosis

“…Thus, PAR 1 , via up-regulation of VEGF, may be involved in angiogenesis and vascular permeability in the decidualized endometrium. Furthermore, PAR 1 activation by thrombin increases the production of IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and active MMP-2 in endometrial stromal cells (6,7), implying multiple roles of PAR 1 in the endometrium.…”

Progestins inhibit estradiol-induced vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal cell–derived factor 1 in human endometrial stromal cells

“…Many studies have shown that VEGF is expressed in the human endometrium (4)(5)(6). VEGF is a potent and selective endothelial mitogen able to induce endothelial cell proliferation, migration, organization into tubules and permeability (7).…”

Decidualization modulates a signal transduction system via protease‐activated receptor‐1 in endometrial stromal cells

“…The affection of thrombin in the stromal component via PAR-1 has been speculated. 13,14 In light of the trophoblastic invasion into the endometrium, it was speculated that some local bleeding may occur from the implantation site with unhealed because of the increasing flow of maternal blood into the lacunar spaces. As thrombin has been known to activate PAR-1, the roles of PAR-1 may be particularly important in the context of these phenomena.…”

“…The ligand remains hidden until it is revealed by a selective cleavage of the aminoterminal exodomain of PAR-1. 13,14 We hypothesized that the role of PAR-1 in decidualized cells is important to our understanding of the physiological conditions in human reproduction. The synthetic peptide SFLLRN, which mimics the first six amino acids of the new amino terminus unmasked by receptor cleavage, functions as an agonist for PAR-1 and activates the receptor without the proteolysis of thrombin.…”

“…The synthetic peptide SFLLRN, which mimics the first six amino acids of the new amino terminus unmasked by receptor cleavage, functions as an agonist for PAR-1 and activates the receptor without the proteolysis of thrombin. 11,13,14 We reported that several growth factors and chemokine are produced via PAR-1 activation in human endometrium. 13,14 We hypothesized that the role of PAR-1 in decidualized cells is important to our understanding of the physiological conditions in human reproduction.…”