1985
DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400062276
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The production of pyrogenic exotoxins by group A streptococci

Abstract: SUMMARYLancefield group A streptococci isolated from recent outbreaks and sporadic cases of scarlet fever were restricted to the following M types 1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 18, 22 and 66. These strains were examined for the presence of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE) types A, B and C by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels and by immunoprecipitation in agar gels. SPE B was produced by 70 % of the strains and SPE C by 4000. SPE A could not be detected in these strains. In contrast, SPE type A was found i… Show more

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Cited by 43 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…In contrast, other wild-type strains tested expressed neither speB mRNA nor enzymatically or immunologically detectable SpeB at any time. These findings are consistent with the knowledge that, while all strains of GAS are endowed with the gene for SpeB, not all strains produce the toxin, and even among strains that do, the quantity produced varies greatly from strain to strain (6,15,16,22,31).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In contrast, other wild-type strains tested expressed neither speB mRNA nor enzymatically or immunologically detectable SpeB at any time. These findings are consistent with the knowledge that, while all strains of GAS are endowed with the gene for SpeB, not all strains produce the toxin, and even among strains that do, the quantity produced varies greatly from strain to strain (6,15,16,22,31).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%
“…SpeB is also found on the surfaces of the bacteria and possesses glycoprotein and laminin binding activities (19). While all strains of GAS are endowed with the gene for SpeB, not all strains produce the toxin in vitro, and even among strains that do, the quantity produced varies greatly from strain to strain (6,15,16,22,31). Other environmental factors, such as acidic pH, concentration of NaCl, the availability of nutrients, the presence of kanamycin, etc., also affect speB expression (7, 9, 39).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Distinguishing streptococcal myositis from spontaneous gas injury observed in patients with StrepTSS [1]. Pyrogenic exotoxin C has been associated with mild cases of scarlet fever in gangrene due to C. perfringens or C. septicum [46] may be difficult, although crepitus or demonstration of gas in the tissue the United States (unpublished data) and in England [50]. The roles of two newly described pyrogenic exotoxins, SSA and strongly favors clostridial infection [44].…”
Section: Adams Et Al [42] Documented Only 21 Reported Cases Ofmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins A and B induce human mononuclear cells to synthesize not only tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) (44) but also interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (45) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (45), suggesting that TNF could mediate the fever, shock, and tissue injury observed in patients with streptococcal TSS (8). Pyrogenic exotoxin C has been associated with mild cases of scarlet fever in the United States (author's observations) and in England (46). The roles of two newly described pyrogenic exotoxins, SSA and MF (see section on "Clinical Isolates"), in streptococcal TSS have not been elucidated.…”
Section: Current Hypotheses Regarding Mechanisms Of Shock and Tissue mentioning
confidence: 99%