The Production of Lime Mud by Algae in South Florida

Stockman, Kenneth W.; Ginsburg, Robert N.; Shinn, Eugene A.

doi:10.1306/74d7173a-2b21-11d7-8648000102c1865d

Cited by 54 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Due to high N : P in freshwater runoff and low phosphorus mobility related to adsorption to carbonate sediments, seagrass production and biomass in Florida Bay is severely phosphorus limited (Fourqurean et al 1992). Florida Bay has long been recognized for high calcification rates and for providing a source of carbonate sand and mud to the surrounding areas (Stockman et al 1967;Bosence et al 1985;Bosence 1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the calcified green macroalgae Halimeda, bryozoans and coralline algae present north of Cabo Frio are markedly absent from the benthos to the south (Vicalvi and Milliman 1977). The warm waters of Florida Bay have long been regarded as a hotbed of biogenic carbonate production (Stockman et al 1967;Bosence 1989). Warmer waters, like those in Florida Bay, are also more favorable to non-skeletal CaCO 3 precipitation where high temperature, salinity, and pH drive chemical precipitation (Robbins and Blackwelder 1992).…”

Section: Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We emphasize the importance of C inorg to net CO 2 sequestration in seagrass meadows by comparing C org and C inorg content of the Brazilian seagrass soils. We further compare the Brazilian soils to those from Florida Bay, a well-studied system acknowledged for Blue Carbon storage (Fourqurean et al 2012b), high calcification rates (Stockman et al 1967;Nelsen and Ginsburg 1986;Bosence 1989), and net autotrophic seagrass ecosystems (Zieman et al 1989;Long et al 2015). To better understand the state of seagrass communities and their potential role in C org storage in SE Brazil, we also measure seagrass morphology (shoot density, above/belowground biomass, and leaf length) as they have been correlated with C org storage previously (Serrano et al 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

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CO₂ released by carbonate sediment production in some coastal areas may offset the benefits of seagrass “Blue Carbon” storage

Howard

Creed

Aguiar

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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Seagrass ecosystems have been identified as long-term carbon sinks whose conservation could serve as a tool to mitigate carbon emissions. Seagrasses alter landscapes in a way that stimulates carbon biosequestration, but discussions of their role in atmospheric CO 2 mitigation disregard the co-occurring inorganic carbon cycle, whose antagonist effect on CO 2 sequestration can buffer and potentially outweigh the effects of C org production on net carbon exchange with the atmosphere. This study examines the extent of both organic carbon (C org ) and inorganic carbon (C inorg ) stocks as proxies for long-term production and calcification in the poorly studied seagrass meadows of southeastern (SE) Brazil and compares values to Florida Bay (U.S.A.), a well-studied system known for both high autotrophy and calcification, representing extremes of CaCO 3 soil content. Seagrass soils in SE Brazil contain an average of 67.6 6 14.7 Mg C org ha 21 in the top 1 m, compared to an average of 175.0 6 20.4 Mg C org ha 21 for their counterparts in Florida Bay. C inorg as CaCO 3 in SE Brazil averaged 141.5 6 60.0 Mg C inorg ha 21 in the top meter of soil while the warmer, calcification-promoting waters of Florida Bay had higher soil C inorg areal stock, averaging 754.6 6 26.7 Mg C inorg ha 21 . When the CO 2 evasion related to CaCO 3 production is considered, seagrass ecosystems with high CaCO 3 content may have CO 2 sequestered via C org accumulation negated by CO 2 produced by calcification. These findings prompt the reconsideration of carbon inventory methods and encourage regionally-and community-specific assessments of CO 2 sequestration abilities of seagrass ecosystems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO₂ released by carbonate sediment production in some coastal areas may offset the benefits of seagrass “Blue Carbon” storage

Howard

Creed

Aguiar

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Holocene sediment accumulation on Bahamian carbonate tidal flats is typically <3 m, and consists of thin transgressive facies (paleosols, mangrove peat, limnetic faces) overlain by aragonitic mud that is produced by calcareous green algae (e.g., Halimeda , Penicillus , and Udotea ). Fine sediment from adjacent carbonate lagoons can also be transported to the tidal flats by shoreward wind‐and tide‐driven currents (Maloof & Grotzinger, 2012; Stockman et al., 1967), or exported off carbonate banks during intense storms (Boardman, 1978; Heath & Mullins, 1984; Neumann & Land, 1975). Simultaneously, washover fans of coarse‐textured particles from hurricane‐induced surge can extend over flood zones in tidal flats (Jamison‐Todd et al., 2020; Wanless et al., 1988b).…”

Section: Regional Setting and Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

More Frequent Hurricane Passage Across the Bahamian Archipelago During the Little Ice Age

Winkler,

van Hengstum,

Donnelly

et al. 2023

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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The year 2020 Common Era (CE) experienced the highest number of named tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean since 1850 CE, but the short instrumental record makes it challenging to assess if this level of activity is statistically meaningful. Here, we present two near‐annually resolved hurricane reconstructions from sediment archived in two blue holes located only 300 m apart on the northern margin of Grand Bahama. These two blue holes provide a replicated signal of hurricanes passing within a 50–100 km radius over the last 1,800 years, and the long‐term reconstructions document multiple 50‐to‐150‐year intervals when hurricane frequency was significantly higher than it has been over the last 100 years. These two records were first merged into a single stack, and then compiled with five other high‐resolution reconstructions from across the Bahamian Archipelago to form a single 1500‐year record of Bahamian hurricane frequency. This new Bahamian Compilation documents more hurricanes passing ∼75°W from 21°N to 26°N during the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1300–1850 CE) relative to the prior millennium and the last 170 years. The US Eastern Seaboard also experienced heightened hurricane activity during the LIA, whereas the Gulf of Mexico and Southern Caribbean were inactive. This suggests that despite a globally cooler climate, regional climate conditions during the LIA remained favorable for cyclogenesis and intensification along certain Atlantic hurricane pathways. Perhaps heightened Sahel rainfall during the LIA indicates an increase in African Easterly waves, which in turn possibly seeded more tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Main Development Region.

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“…A similar scale of limemud occurrence is known from the carbonate platforms of Bahamas, Florida, and Belize as well as shallow water ramps of the Persian Gulf (Boardman & Carney, 1991; Cloud, 1962; DeGroot, 1965; Dix, 2001; Geyman et al, 2022; Ginsburg, 1956; Lowenstam & Epstein, 1957; Matthews, 1966; Milliman et al, 1993; Mitterer, 1972; Neuman & Land, 1975; Robbins & Blackwelder, 1992; SEPM, 2017; Steinen et al, 1988; Stockman et al, 1967; Taylor & Purkis, 2012; Wells & Illing, 1964). The majority of studies on offshore limemud focused on genesis or global carbonate budget estimation (Cloud, 1962; De Groot, 1965; Dix, 2001; Lowenstam & Epstein, 1957; Matthews, 1966; Milliman et al, 1993; Neuman & Land, 1975; Purnachandra Rao et al, 2012; Rees et al, 2007; Stockman et al, 1967; Wells & Illing, 1964). In contrast, few studies reported the industrial application of offshore carbonates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offshore high‐grade limemud resources of west coast of India: Economic potential and industrial applications

Adukadukkam,

Pillai,

Puthiyathara Kanakamma

2024

Deep Underground Science and Engineering

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Limestone is one of the essential raw materials in the cement, paint, steel, ceramic, glass, chemical, pharmaceutical, paper, and fertilizer industries. In India, only 8% of the limestone resources are placed under the reserve category, of which 97% is of cement grade. Thus, India depends on imports to bridge the demand‐supply gap of steel, blast furnace, and chemical‐grade limestone. Efforts of Geological Survey of India (GSI) to locate alternate sources for limestone led to the discovery of enormous quantities of carbonate minerals called limemud from the continental shelf margin of the west coast of India. GSI carried out systematic studies to explore the nature of the disposition, quality, quantity, and suitability of the offshore limemud for various industrial applications. A preliminary estimate of resources using high‐resolution subbottom profiling and sediment core sample studies established the occurrence of more than 172 billion tonnes of high‐grade (The content of CaCO3 is greater than 80 wt%) limemud in 0.4–28.0 m thick stratified sediment layers spread over an area of 18 000 km2. Chemical, physical, mineralogical, beneficiation, and agglomeration studies found the offshore limemud as a potential replacement for limestone in the cement, filler, blast furnace, steel melting shop, lime production, paint, and Grade‐I steel industries. An assessment of mining and transportation costs indicates that the offshore limemud (USD 5–6/ton) is more cost‐effective than that imported from other countries (USD16‐18/ton). With several advantageous factors like low impurity, mode of occurrence in overburden‐free stratified form, fine‐grained slurry nature, and shallow water depth, sustainable mining of offshore limemud could be a future reality with controllable technological, economic, and environmental challenges.

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The Production of Lime Mud by Algae in South Florida

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

CO₂ released by carbonate sediment production in some coastal areas may offset the benefits of seagrass “Blue Carbon” storage

CO₂ released by carbonate sediment production in some coastal areas may offset the benefits of seagrass “Blue Carbon” storage

More Frequent Hurricane Passage Across the Bahamian Archipelago During the Little Ice Age

Offshore high‐grade limemud resources of west coast of India: Economic potential and industrial applications

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The Production of Lime Mud by Algae in South Florida

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

CO2 released by carbonate sediment production in some coastal areas may offset the benefits of seagrass “Blue Carbon” storage

CO2 released by carbonate sediment production in some coastal areas may offset the benefits of seagrass “Blue Carbon” storage

More Frequent Hurricane Passage Across the Bahamian Archipelago During the Little Ice Age

Offshore high‐grade limemud resources of west coast of India: Economic potential and industrial applications

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Product

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CO₂ released by carbonate sediment production in some coastal areas may offset the benefits of seagrass “Blue Carbon” storage

CO₂ released by carbonate sediment production in some coastal areas may offset the benefits of seagrass “Blue Carbon” storage