The production of higher plant subprotoplasts

Simplification of complexity in protein molecular systems by grouping amino acids: a view from physics

“…Later, some bioinformatic and modeling studies also discovered HP patterns on the regular secondary structures (helix and strand) [64]. These directly prove the redundancy of the natural alphabet of amino acids as well as the possible simplifications for protein composition, and greatly benefit the design of protein designs [65].…”

Isolation and culture of anucleate protoplasts from cotton fiber; assessment of viability and analysis of regenerated wall polymers

“…Elongated cells, such as palisade cells and cells from suspension culture, have been frequently used as starting material to obtain cytoplasts [1,6,23]. This technique is supplemented with high speed centrifugation, which forcibly removes nuclei from the protoplasts [23].…”

“…Anucleate plant cell systems have been developed for use in somatic cell hybridization as carriers of cytoplasmic traits, such as male sterility [1,6,23]. Anucleate algal cells of Micrasterias and Acetabularia have been shown to be valuable in physiological studies concerning the role of the nucleus on cellular activities in development [5] and anucleate cells of higher plants have been used in studies concerning nuclear influence on chloroplast metabolism [29].…”