2002
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2621.2002.00605.x
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The production of clusters in milk chocolate

Abstract: Cluster production during conching of milk chocolate leads to defects in chocolate quality. Various conditions of conching, using two types of milk chocolate were examined. Temperature and relative humidity were the parameters that were controlled. The contents of moisture, fat, sucrose and lactose and also cluster development in milk chocolate during conching were evaluated. Representative samples in the conching tests were subjected to particle size analysis (using laser diffraction and sieve methods), X‐ray… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…It is hence important that as much water as possible is removed during the manufacture of the chocolate. Thickening during tank storage is possibly comparable to a well-known phenomenon, the cluster or grit formation in milk chocolate during conching, which was studied by Niediek (1991), Novakova, Copikova, Maixner and Maryska (2002) and Hubald (1992, 1993). Grit formation is induced by the crystallisation of amorphous lactose.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 85%
“…It is hence important that as much water as possible is removed during the manufacture of the chocolate. Thickening during tank storage is possibly comparable to a well-known phenomenon, the cluster or grit formation in milk chocolate during conching, which was studied by Niediek (1991), Novakova, Copikova, Maixner and Maryska (2002) and Hubald (1992, 1993). Grit formation is induced by the crystallisation of amorphous lactose.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 85%
“…Thickening during tank storage is possibly comparable to a well-known phenomenon, the cluster or grit formation in milk chocolate during conching, which was studied by Niediek (1991), Novakova, Copikova, Maixner, and Maryska (2002) and Hubald (1992, 1993). Grit formation is induced by the crystallization of amorphous lactose.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 85%
“…Flüssig im Tank gelagerte Milchschokoladenmassen können unkontrolliert verdicken oder sich festsetzen, wenn amorphe Lactose kristallisiert [8]. Ebenso kann es zu einer störenden Clusterbildung beim Conchieren der Milchschokoladen kommen [9]. Der physikalische Zustand der Lactose ist insgesamt für das Fließverhalten geschmolzener Schokoladen wesentlich [10,11] und die Geschmacksentwicklung von Milchschokoladen scheint durch die Kristallisation der Lactose beeinflusst [12].…”
Section: Problemstellungunclassified
“…Bei Über-schreiten des Glasübergangs amorpher Stoffe werden Moleküle so beweglich, dass zunächst die glasartig-spröde Substanz in einen gummiartig-plastischen Zustand übergeht und schließlich die Kristallisation der amorphen Substanz möglich wird [2]. Der Glaspunkt von Lactose kann sowohl durch Erhöhen der Temperatur als auch durch Erhöhen der Feuchtigkeit überschritten werden [17 -19] [4,8,9]. Auf diese Weise entstehen Verklumpungen in Milchpulver oder auch in geschmolzenen Schokoladenmassen, dort insbesondere bei niedrigen Gehalten an freiem Fett oder bei niedrigen Rührgeschwindigkei-ten [8].…”
Section: Grundlagenunclassified