The Production and Exchange of Glass and Stone Beads in Southeast Asia from 500 BCE to the early second millennium CE: An assessment of the work of Peter Francis in light of recent research

Carter, Alison Kyra

doi:10.1016/j.ara.2016.02.004

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…, tab. 4; Dussubieux and Gratuze ; Carter ). Aside from Southeast Asian finds, the presence of South Indian/Sri Lankan glass beads has also been confirmed through analysis at the Early Roman Red Sea port at Quseir, Egypt (Then‐Obłuska and Dussubieux ), in Europe during the Early Byzantine period (Poulain et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass beads and pendants from Meroitic and Nobadian Lower Nubia, Sudan: Chemical compositional analysis using laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry

Then-Obłuska

Wagner

2019

Archaeometry

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This paper presents a detailed elemental analysis of 64 glass beads and pendants dated to the Meroitic period (first-third centuries AD) and the Nobadian period (fourth-sixth centuries) from burial sites in the Lower Nubian Nile Valley region. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to determine the chemical composition of the glass and to gain knowledge about its origin. Four main glass types were identified: low-alumina soda-lime glass, high-alumina glass, plant-ash soda-lime glass, and mixedalkali glass. Mineral soda-lime glass (m-Na-Ca) of East Mediterranean/Egyptian provenance is dominant within the low-alumina glass group from Meroitic and Nobadian periods. Mineral soda high-alumina glass (m-Na-Al) appeared in the Nobadian bead assemblages, and the m-Na-Al 1 subtype was produced in Sri Lanka/South India. An initial insight into the origin of the glass beads in Nubia from the first to sixth centuries is described, indicating the first evidence for the presence of Asian objects in Nubia. The data obtained for the bead trade in North-east Africa in this study has allowed a new light to be shed on the westward flow of Asian glass during a time of intensive maritime trade contacts with the wider Indian Ocean world.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass beads and pendants from Meroitic and Nobadian Lower Nubia, Sudan: Chemical compositional analysis using laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry

Then-Obłuska

Wagner

2019

Archaeometry

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“…The method of classification and description is based on H.C. Beck (), while the vocabulary is borrowed from P. Francis (). In addition to these two important publications, we have also examined other publications on the corpus of beads in the Near East (Woolley, ; Maxwell‐Hyslop, ; Pinnock, ) and the South and South‐East Asia (Carter, ; Kelly, ; Bellina, ; Barthélemy de Saizieu, ), in order to obtain the most complete bead typology in South Arabia.…”

Section: Typologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technique that uses the lada produces a particular and diagnostic processing waste, which serves to identify not only the technique but also the various stages of production. The lack of this primary indicator suggests that this kind of bead was not locally produced but was probably imported directly from Indian or south‐eastern centres, as for example Arikamedu or Mantai (Carter, : 17; Lankton & Dussubieux, : 139; Francis, ; 1991: 224).…”

Section: Materials and Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic analysis of the bead assemblage from the South Arabian port of Sumhuram, Oman (seasons 2000–2013)

Lischi

2018

Arab Archaeol Epigr

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The city of Sumhuram (300 BC-AD 500) is the most important pre-Islamic settlement in Dhofar, southern Oman. Since the time of its discovery it was evident that its commercial vocation placed it within a complex system of exchange between India and the Mediterranean. Sumhuram was a key site of the kingdom of Hadramawt, built in a place that was geographically strategic to control the most important Indian Ocean trade routes. The importance of the site made the bead assemblage exceptionally rich in materials, technologies used in the production, and provenance. The study of the relationship between materials and shapes, necessary for the creation of a specific typology, has revealed a number of trends. These, in connection with the reference stratigraphy have, in some cases, enabled the identification of differences on a chronological basis. Furthermore, it is possible to detect different uses of materials in different areas of the city. The variety of imported products (raw materials and products) once again underlines the importance of this city-port in the international maritime trade and its strong connections with India.

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“…High alumina soda glasses are generally not found frequently, but they are recognized in assemblages such as 2 nd /1 st century BC-5 th century AD glass beads from Sri Lanka and South India (Dussubieux, Gratuze, & Blet-Lemarquand, 2010, tab. 4;Dussubieux & Gratuze, 2013;Carter, 2016) which were present in Early Roman Quseir, Egypt (Then-Obłuska & Dussubieux, 2016) and during Early Byzantine period in Europe (Poulain, Scuiller, & Gratuze, 2013;Pion & Gratuze 2016); 4 th -6 th century AD glass beads from upper Nubia in Africa (Then-Obłuska, Wagner, & Kepa-Linowska, 2019); 7 th -8 th century AD Asian glass beads imported to Scandinavia and north Germany (Sode, Gratuze, & Lankton, 2017); 7 th -10 th century AD in Zanzibar (Wood, Panighello, Orsega, Robertshaw, van Elteren Crowther, Horton, & Boivin, 2017); 8 th -12 th century AD glass bracelets from Ḥiṣn al-Tīnātand in Turkey (Swan, Rehren, Dussubieux, & Eger, 2018). Few red opaque glass beads of Asian production found in Scandinavia and northern Germany (defined as group 4) show the most similarity with USTRA-01 as both calcium and aluminum values are around 10 wt% (Sode et al, 2017, Figure 5).…”

Section: Unaltered Fragmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidencing Human Occupation of a Small Island Through Ancient Glass: The Case of Ustica (Palermo, Italy)

2020

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The subject of this study consists of 17 ancient glass fragments from the island of Ustica (Palermo, Italy) obtained from local museums. All the 17 glass fragments are stratigraphically decontextualized, as they were collected by archaeological surface surveys. Each fragment was analyzed by Electron Micro Probe Analyzer coupled with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray System (EMPA-EDS) and by Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to obtain the composition of major, minor and trace elements. Surface analyses revealed the presence of corrosion layers in most of the glass fragments which was evident also in the chemical data. Nevertheless, reconstruction of the glassmaking processes and the approximate period of production was possible for almost all the glass fragments. Less than half of the examined fragments are attributable to recognizable typologies as unguentaria, beakers, bottles, and vases; all the other small fragments are typologically undetermined. Out of 17 fragments only one fragment is of HLLA composition possibly being produced in 17th–18th century AD, while all the others can be attributed to soda glass with different periods of production: natron glass from Roman and Early Medieval period, plant-ash glass from High or Late Medieval period with the exception of possible Byzantine glass from 6th century AD, and synthetic soda glasses typical of modern era. These data confirm the discontinuous habitation of the island from the Roman period as well as the import of glass objects to the island.

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The Production and Exchange of Glass and Stone Beads in Southeast Asia from 500 BCE to the early second millennium CE: An assessment of the work of Peter Francis in light of recent research

Cited by 36 publications

References 27 publications

Glass beads and pendants from Meroitic and Nobadian Lower Nubia, Sudan: Chemical compositional analysis using laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry

Glass beads and pendants from Meroitic and Nobadian Lower Nubia, Sudan: Chemical compositional analysis using laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry

Macroscopic analysis of the bead assemblage from the South Arabian port of Sumhuram, Oman (seasons 2000–2013)

Evidencing Human Occupation of a Small Island Through Ancient Glass: The Case of Ustica (Palermo, Italy)

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