The procrastinators want it now: Behavioral and event-related potential evidence of the procrastination of intertemporal choices

Anxious Individuals Are Impulsive Decision-Makers in the Delay Discounting Task: An ERP Study

“…Seeing that the healthy individuals with high anxiety and the patients with anxiety disorders are qualitatively different (Belzung and Griebel, 2001), the generalizability of the current findings still await to be investigated in clinical populations. Second, similar with previous studies (San Martín, 2012; Wu et al, 2016), the temporal order of the immediate option and the delayed option was fixed, so as to help participants to reduce cognitive load and focus their attentions on decision-related information. Seeing that the event sequence modulates the characteristics of ERPs (e.g., the studies by Gu et al, 2011; Osinsky et al, 2012), future studies should apply an alternative temporal order to examine the robustness of our findings.…”

“…The RewP was defined as the average amplitude occurring 250–350 ms after the onset of proposal presentation at the electrode sites of Fz, FCz, FC1, FC2, Cz, C1, and C2 (Holroyd et al, 2008; Mason et al, 2012). The P3 was defined as the average amplitude occurring 300–450 ms after the onset of proposal presentation at the electrode sites of Pz, P3, P4, CPz, CP3, and CP4 (Wu et al, 2016). …”

To do it now or later: The cognitive mechanisms and neural substrates underlying procrastination

“…At individual level, procrastinators are more sensitive to time delay and thus can discount value of rewards or punishments more quickly than non‐procrastinators do when delay of rewards or punishments increases. Consistently, one study has revealed that procrastinators indeed discounted the delayed monetary rewards more quickly in decision making as the delay of reward increased compared to the non‐procrastinators (H. Wu et al, ). In a similar vein, procrastinators also are less likely to consider the potential future outcomes of their current behavior or have deficits in imagining future episodes (Rebetez, Barsics, Rochat, D'Argembeau, & Van der Linden, ; Sirois, ).…”

“…Although researchers have struggled to formulate a single definition of self‐control and impulsivity, researchers generally agree that self‐control is dedicated to maximizing the long‐term best interests of the individual (Barkley, ; Kanfer & Karoly, ; Mischel, ), whereas impulsivity often interferes the attainment of long‐term goals by driving people to act on impulse (Barratt, ; Hofmann, Friese, & Wiers, ; Moeller, Barratt, Dougherty, Schmitz, & Swann, ). In practice, researchers on procrastination have been dedicated to linking procrastination with self‐control or impulsivity by collecting evidence from a wide variety of related measures, including questionnaires (Gustavson, Miyake, Hewitt, & Friedman, ; P. Liu & Feng, ; Y. Wu, Li, et al, ), intertemporal choice (Tice & Baumeister, ; H. Wu, Gui, et al, ) and response inhibition (Rebetez, Rochat, Barsics, & Van der Linden, ). Although these studies can provide strong evidence of the relationship between procrastination and self‐control or impulsivity, they do little to further our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these links (Duckworth & Kern, ).…”

Tiempo productivo en las organizaciones modernos: aportes de la Psicología

“…Desde el enfoque de la neurociencia, Wu et al (2016) efectuaron una investigación de tipo experimental con 47 sujetos, a quienes se les registró el funcionamiento del cerebro durante tareas que implicaba tomar decisiones frente a determinadas situaciones planteadas por los investigadores. Los resultados demostraron que los sujetos procrastinadores eran impulsivos y preferían las recompensas inmediatas antes que aquellas a largo plazo -conclusión similar a otras investigaciones realizadas anteriormente sobre la base de instrumentos de l�piz y papel.…”