The processing locus of interference from salient singleton distractors

Ester, Edward F.; Awh, Edward

doi:10.1080/13506280701489510

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Recently, using brief, masked displays, Chelazzi and colleagues (2014) found that performance was affected by the reward history of a spatial location. Unlike unmasked stimuli presented for long durations, brief masked displays limit the availability and quality of the information to only that information that can be selected during the brief display-a data-limited design, which minimizes the relative contribution of later, postperceptual stages (Ester & Awh, 2008;Santee & Egeth, 1982). Furthermore, the typical use of speeded responses emphasizes response selection processes (e.g., Pashler, 1994) and introduces the possibility of data contamination by strategic speed-accuracy trade-offs and motor biases that can occur when using RTs as the dependent measure (e.g., Bisley & Goldberg, 2006;Prinzmetal, McCool, & Parks, 2005;Santee & Egeth, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irrelevant reward and selection histories have different influences on task-relevant attentional selection

MacLean

Giesbrecht

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Task-relevant and physically salient features influence visual selective attention. In the present study, we investigated the influence of task-irrelevant and physically nonsalient reward-associated features on visual selective attention. Two hypotheses were tested: One predicts that the effects of target-defining task-relevant and task-irrelevant features interact to modulate visual selection; the other predicts that visual selection is determined by the independent combination of relevant and irrelevant feature effects. These alternatives were tested using a visual search task that contained multiple targets, placing a high demand on the need for selectivity, and that was data-limited and required unspeeded responses, emphasizing early perceptual selection processes. One week prior to the visual search task, participants completed a training task in which they learned to associate particular colors with a specific reward value. In the search task, the reward-associated colors were presented surrounding targets and distractors, but were neither physically salient nor task-relevant. In two experiments, the irrelevant reward-associated features influenced performance, but only when they were presented in a task-relevant location. The costs induced by the irrelevant reward-associated features were greater when they oriented attention to a target than to a distractor. In a third experiment, we examined the effects of selection history in the absence of reward history and found that the interaction between task relevance and selection history differed, relative to when the features had previously been associated with reward. The results indicate that under conditions that demand highly efficient perceptual selection, physically nonsalient task-irrelevant and task-relevant factors interact to influence visual selective attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irrelevant reward and selection histories have different influences on task-relevant attentional selection

MacLean

Giesbrecht

2015

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…The impact of task-irrelevant signals on detection performance has already been studied in the context of visual search tasks (e.g., Ester and Awh, 2008;Forster and Lavie, 2008;Hickey et al, 2006;Mounts, 2000;Müller et al, 2008;Theeuwes and Chen, 2005;Theeuwes et al, 2004). The general finding is that taskirrelevant salient objects can in fact deteriorate performance (e.g., discrimination or identification of singletons).…”

Section: U N C O R R E C T E D P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spatial distance between target and irrelevant patch modulates detection in a texture segmentation task

Schade¹,

Meinecke²

2009

Spatial Vis

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Abstract-In three texture segmentation experiments a target patch had to be detected. We studied the impact of a task-irrelevant patch in the backward mask on detection performance, and especially the modulating effects of its spatial distance to the target. It was assumed that the signals of the two texture irregularities interact as a function of their spatial distance. Experiment 1 revealed that the taskirrelevant patch impaired target detection only when the distance was small. In Experiments 2 and 3 with systematically varying distances, detection performance increased linearly with distance until a maximum point. If the task-irrelevant patch appeared outside of a critical distance, performance did not increase further with increasing distance. Our findings are discussed in terms of the biased competition account. It is proposed that the critical distance may correspond to the average receptive field size of a cortical area that is critical for target detection.

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“…Bravo & Nakayama, 1992;Duncan, 1985). Finally, the brief presentation time and use of an accuracy measure ensured that the dimensional effects originated from perceptual processing stages, rather than stages related to response selection or response execution (Santee & Egeth, 1982;Huang & Pashler, 2005;Ester & Awh, 2008;Sigurdardottir et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimension intertrial and cueing effects in localization: support for pre-attentively weighted one-route models of saliency

Zehetleitner

Krummenacher

Geyer

et al. 2010

Atten Percept Psychophys

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There are several alternative accounts of dimensional intertrial and cueing effects in singleton feature search tasks. Some accounts assume that these effects arise at post-selective processing stages; dual-route accounts assume them to be perceptual in nature, but coming into play only in non-spatial tasks (e.g., detection but not localization). By contrast, the Dimension Weighting Account (DWA) assumes dimensional effects to arise at pre-attentive processing stages of spatial as well as non-spatial tasks. The data available are ambiguous, permitting no clear-cut choice among these accounts. Therefore, the present study examined for early effects of dimensional weighting in a spatial task, the presence of which is only predicted by the DWA and not by post-selective or dual-route accounts. Salience is known to saturate for high feature contrast and long presentation times. Consequently, with lower bottom-up salience that still permits efficient search, dimensional weights would produce a greater modulation-if present at all. Thus, we examined localization accuracy under brief-presentation conditions in Experiment 1, and localization speed under conditions of low versus high feature contrast in Experiment 2. Both experiments revealed significant dimension intertrial and cueing effects. This strongly argues against dual-route accounts and strengthens evidence for a pre-attentive origin of these effects.

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The processing locus of interference from salient singleton distractors

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Irrelevant reward and selection histories have different influences on task-relevant attentional selection

Irrelevant reward and selection histories have different influences on task-relevant attentional selection

Spatial distance between target and irrelevant patch modulates detection in a texture segmentation task

Dimension intertrial and cueing effects in localization: support for pre-attentively weighted one-route models of saliency

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