The Processing and Representation of Dutch and English Compounds: Peripheral Morphological and Central Orthographic Effects

Jong, Nivja H. de; Feldman, Laurie Beth; Schreuder, Robert; Pastizzo, Matthew John; Baayen, R. Harald

doi:10.1006/brln.2001.2547

Cited by 97 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The prior data suggest that a big family facilitates compound word processing (De Jong et al, 2002). This would imply that our present confounding of transparency with family size should have produced a transparency effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…We computed a measure of the morphological family size for each target word by counting the number of compound words that existed in our computerised corpus (Laine & Virtanen, 1999) given the first constituent (possible allomorphic variation was taken into consideration; the so-called positional family size, see De Jong, Feldman, Schreuder, Pastizzo, and Baayen, 2002). We also computed the relative ranking of each target word in the family.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of semantic transparency in the processing of Finnish compound words

Pollatsek

Hyönä

2005

Language and Cognitive Processes

115

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Three experiments examined whether the semantic transparency of a long Finnish compound word has any influence on how the compound word is encoded in reading. The frequency of the first constituent (as a separate word) was manipulated, while matching for the frequencies of the compound word and of the second constituent. The effect of this frequency manipulation on encoding time served as a 'marker' that the compound word was processed, at least in part, componentially. In Experiment 1, each high-frequency transparent compound was paired with a low-frequency transparent compound, and each high-frequency opaque compound was paired with a low-frequency opaque compound. A sentence frame was created for each pair that was identical up to the word following the target word. In Experiments 2 and 3, the matching was done between transparent and opaque word pairs. In addition, Experiment 3 had a display change manipulation in which most of the second constituent was not visible until it was fixated. Readers' eye fixation patterns on and immediately after the target word were examined. Reliable first constituent frequency effects were observed in the fixation duration measures on the target word, but there were no effects of transparency. In addition, a comparison of the display change condition to the standard condition indicated that the constituents of the compound word were processed sequentially. It thus appears that the Correspondence should be addressed to:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of semantic transparency in the processing of Finnish compound words

Pollatsek

Hyönä

2005

Language and Cognitive Processes

115

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“…The first constituent family size counts were restricted to those family members for which the shared constituent also occurred in the first position (De Jong, Feldman, Schreuder, Pastizzo, & Baayen, 2002). For words with prefixes and particle prefixes, morphological families were further restricted to those complex words in which the prefix occurred in the outermost layer of its derivational structure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability and surprisal in auditory comprehension of morphologically complex words

Balling

Baayen

2012

Cognition

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Two auditory lexical decision experiments document for morphologically complex words two points at which the probability of a target word given the evidence shifts dramatically. The first point is reached when morphologically unrelated competitors are no longer compatible with the evidence. Adapting terminology from Marslen-Wilson (1984), we refer to this as the word's initial uniqueness point (UP1). The second point is the complex uniqueness point (CUP) introduced by Balling and Baayen (2008), at which morphologically related competitors become incompatible with the input. Later initial as well as complex uniqueness points predict longer response latencies. We argue that the effects of these uniqueness points arise due to the large surprisal (Levy, 2008) carried by the phonemes at these uniqueness points, and provide independent evidence that how cumulative surprisal builds up in the course of the word co-determines response latencies. The presence of effects of surprisal, both at the initial uniqueness point of complex words, and cumulatively throughout the word, challenges the Shortlist B model of Norris and McQueen (2008), and suggests that a Bayesian approach to auditory comprehension requires complementation from information theory in order to do justice to the cognitive cost of updating probability distributions over lexical candidates.Keywords: spoken word recognition; Shortlist B; morphological processing; uniqueness points; neighbourhood measures; (cumulative) surprisal; Kullback-Leibler divergence; morphological family size. The Shortlist B model proposed by Norris and McQueen (2008) is the most comprehensive computational theory of auditory comprehension available to date. The model computes that sequence of words that is most likely to represent the lexical parse of the utterance heard, given the input, a stream of phonemes coming in over time. For instance, given the Dutch sequence of spoken words kar personen, the final state of the model is one in which kar ('cart') and personen ('persons') have probability 1, whereas competitors such as karper ('carp') and persoon ('persons') have probability 0.

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“…These facilitatory morphological effects are in accord with previous reports of visual lexical decision experiments with Dutch and English compounds (cf., e.g., Andrews, 1986;De Jong et al, 2000;De Jong et al, 2002;Juhasz et al, 2003).…”

Section: Insert Table 2 Approximately Herementioning

confidence: 99%

Reading polymorphemic Dutch compounds: Toward a multiple route model of lexical processing.

Kuperman

Schreuder

Bertram

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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188

218

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This paper reports an eye-tracking experiment with 2500 polymorpemic Dutch compounds presented in isolation for visual lexical decision, while readers' eye-movements were registered. We found evidence that both full-forms of compounds (dishwasher) and their constituent morphemes (e.g., dish, washer, er) and morphological families of constituents (sets of compounds with a shared constituent) played a role in compound processing. We observed simultaneous effects of compound frequency, left constituent frequency and family size early (i.e., before the whole compound has been scanned), and also effects of right constituent frequency and family size that emerged after the compound frequency effect. The temporal order of these and other effects that we observed goes against assumptions of many models of lexical processing. We propose specifications for a new multiple route model of polymorphemic compound processing, which is based on time-locked, parallel and interactive use of all morphological cues, as soon as they become (even partly) available to the visual uptake system. Keywords: morphological structure; lexical processing; eye movements; compounds 2 Current models of morphological processing and representation in reading have explored a wide range of logically possible architectures. Sublexical models hold that complex words undergo obligatory parsing and that lexical access proceeds via their morphemes (cf., Taft, 1991;Taft & Forster, 1975, 1976. Supralexical models, by contrast, argue that morphemes are accessed only after the compound as a whole has been recognized (e.g., Diependaele, Sandra & Grainger, 2005;Giraudo & Grainger, 2001). Dual route models hypothesize that full-form based processing goes hand in hand with decompositional processing. The two access routes are usually assumed to be independent (Allen & Badecker, 2002;Baayen & Schreuder, 1999;Frauenfelder & Schreuder, 1992;Laudanna & Burani, 1995;Schreuder & Baayen, 1995), although an interactive dual route model has been proposed as well . In connectionist models such as the triangle model (Seidenberg & McClelland, 1989), morphological effects are interpreted as arising due to the convergence of orthographic, phonological and semantic codes. What all these theories have in common is that they were developed to explain data obtained with chronometric measures for isolated reading of bimorphemic complex words. As a consequence, they tend to remain silent about the time-course of information uptake in the reading of complex words.Establishing the temporal order of activation of full-forms (e.g., dishwasher) of complex words and of their morphological constituents (e.g., dish and washer) is critical for adjudicating between competing models of morphological processing. The present study addresses the time-course of morphological processing by considering the reading of long, polymorphemic Dutch compounds. Importantly, current models of morphological processing offer different 3 predictions with regard to the visual recognition of such compo...

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The Processing and Representation of Dutch and English Compounds: Peripheral Morphological and Central Orthographic Effects

Cited by 97 publications

References 13 publications

The role of semantic transparency in the processing of Finnish compound words

The role of semantic transparency in the processing of Finnish compound words

Probability and surprisal in auditory comprehension of morphologically complex words

Reading polymorphemic Dutch compounds: Toward a multiple route model of lexical processing.

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