The problems associated with the monitoring of complex workplace radiation fields at European high-energy accelerators and thermonuclear fusion facilities

Bilski, P.; Blomgren, J.; D’Errico, Francesco; Esposito, A.; Fehrenbacher, G.; Fernández, F.; Fuchs, A.M.; Golnik, N.; Lacoste, V.; Leuschner, A.; Sandri, Sandro; Silari, M.; Spurný, F.; Wiegel, B.; Wright, P

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm099

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The neutron energy distributions calculated with the FLUKA Monte Carlo code are shown in Figure 40 from Bilski et.al. [6]. The spectrum outside the iron shield is dominated by neutrons in the 0.1-1 MeV range while the energy distribution outside both concrete shields shows distributions in which this energy region is reduced while the contribution of 10-100 MeV neutrons dominates.…”

Section: Beam Induced Neutronsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Even though the accelerating pipe is shielded using concrete blocks, there still exists an emerging flux of neutrons with a wide energy spectrum [6] which is considered as input for simulation of the reactions in the bulk of the detector and its constructive elements. Given the building layout where the detectors are placed, the localization of the ProtoDUNE-DP with respect to the accelerating pipe can be seen.…”

Section: Protodune In Ehn1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radioactive background for ProtoDUNE detector

Parvu,

Lazanu

2021

Preprint

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The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a leading-edge, international experiment for neutrino science and proton decay studies. This experiment is looking for answers regarding several fundamental questions about the nature of matter and the evolution of the universe: origin of matter, unification of forces, physics of black holes. Two far detector prototypes using two distinct technologies have been developed at CERN. The prototypes are testing and validating the liquid argon time projection chamber technology (LArTPC). In neutrino physics, as well as in any experiment with rare interaction rate, the good knowledge of the radioactive backgrounds is important to the success of the study.Unlike most of the charged particles or short lived neutral particles, muons and neutrons represent the main sources of background for this kind of experiments. In this paper, we have considered two sources of neutrons: cosmic neutrons and neutrons coming from the accelerating tunnel. Also, cosmic muons are taken into account. The contribution of these particles to the production of radioactive isotopes inside the active volume of the detector in comparison to the one corresponding to muons is shown. Also, simulations of nuclear reactions for the processes of interest for investigating the radioactive background due to the lack of measurements or insufficient experimental data are presented. The results presented are of interest for the future underground DUNE experiment.

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Section: Beam Induced Neutronsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Protodune In Ehn1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactive background for ProtoDUNE detector

Parvu,

Lazanu

2021

Preprint

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“…For use in complex workplace radiation fields such as at high-energy accelerators (19,20) , which are significantly different from calibration fields (Figure 3), a normalisation factor may be needed to compensate for deficiencies of detectors in terms of angle and energy dependence of response (21 -23) . Such normalisation factors can be obtained by field calibration in realistic radiation fields (24 -26) .…”

Section: Procedures For Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual monitoring at accelerator centres

Wernli

2009

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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The accurate determination of personal dose equivalent requires the proper use of appropriate radiological quantities and units, knowledge of the dose equivalent response of the personal dosemeters used and detailed information on the fluence as well as dose equivalent spectra at the workplaces. This information can then be used to select the appropriate dosemeters, to set up the optimum calibration conditions and to introduce, in case of need, normalisation factors for application in specific radiation fields. High-energy neutrons contribute significantly to the radiation fields around high-energy particle accelerators. Examples for procedures and methods to determine personal dose equivalent at accelerator centres are given.

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“…Because the cross-section of most shielding materials reaches a minimum at about 100 MeV, the high-energy component after thick shields tends to present a peak around this energy value. This component may account for a substantial fraction of the neutron dose equivalent, sometimes up to 40-50% [2]. The instrument normally employed in radiation protection for determining the neutron energy distributions at workplaces is the Bonner Sphere Spectrometer (BSS), introduced by Bramblett, Ewing and Bonner in 1960 [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%