The problems associated with pesticide use by irrigation workers in Ghana

Clarke, Edith; Levy, Leonard S.; Spurgeon, Anne; Calvert, I. A.

doi:10.1093/occmed/47.5.301

Cited by 123 publications

(107 citation statements)

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“…DDT and dieldrin have been used in agriculture and public health (malaria eradication) (Clarke et al, 1997) while aldrin have been used against termites with lindane and endosulfan restricted for the control of capsids on cocoa, stem borers in maize and pest on coffee. As compared to DDE, DDT, and endosulfan sulphate, the concentrations of HCHs (γ-HCH and δ-HCH) were lower, because they are much less bioaccumulative with low lipophilicity and short half-life in biota (Sudaryanto et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide residues in fish from the Densu River Basin in Ghana

Fianko¹,

Donkor²,

Lowor³

et al. 2013

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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The Densu River is a typical river flowing through agricultural areas in Southern Ghana. Six fish species from different locations in the river were sampled and analyzed for residues of pesticides and metabolites using GC with ECD/FID. The results of the study indicate that all the detected residues and metabolites in fish samples from the Densu River Basin were organochlorines (OCs). Among the pesticides residues analyzed, DDE, α-endosulfan, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, heptachlor and endosulfan sulphate, were predominant in all the samples. About 50% of the samples recorded positive detection of DDE while α-endosulfan was detected in 60% of the samples. γ-HCH, δ-HCH were detected in 75% and 65% of the samples respectively with heptachlor occurring in 80% of the samples. In almost all the fish species analyzed, DDE was the predominant compound having a mean value of 7.99 µgKg -1 . Higher concentrations of pesticide residues were detected in fish samples from the Densu River at Nsawam than the other locations. The total concentration of residues in the fish samples ranged between 0.49 µgKg -1 and 8.90 µgKg -1 with the highest level detected in Hepsetue odoe (HO-N). The sequence of pesticide residues detected in fish samples were HO-N > HN-N > CO-N > CG-N > TZ-N > CN-W > TZ-W > CG-W. The high ratio of DDE/DDT in fish samples (0.1 -6.9 with a mean of 2.51) indicated probably old input of DDT and significant degradation. The γ -HCH isomer (lindane) was the dominant HCH in fish samples suggesting a preferential usage of lindane (purified γ-HCH) in these areas. The δ-HCH/γ-HCH ratios in most fish samples were low indicating the present input of the pesticide lindane from non-point sources.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide residues in fish from the Densu River Basin in Ghana

Fianko¹,

Donkor²,

Lowor³

et al. 2013

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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“…These practices are not governed by strict regulations concerning the training and education of farmers. As information from the questionnaire and previous work (Clarke et al 1997;Ntow et al 2006) revealed that farmers' handling and storage of chemical pesticides, personal hygiene, and the proper use of personal protective equipment in Ghana is below a reasonable standard, it is unexpected that the biological exposure marker failed to demonstrate an equivalent result.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Blood Cholinesterase Activity in a Farming Community in Ghana

Ntow

Tagoe

Drechsel

et al. 2008

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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A survey was undertaken to establish the extent of pesticide exposure in a farming community. Cholinesterase (ChE) activity in whole blood was used as a marker for assessing exposure to pesticides. Complete data were gathered for 63 farmers at Akumadan (exposed) and 58 control subjects at Tono, both prominent vegetable-farming communities in Ghana, by means of a questionnaire and blood cholinesterase analyses (acetylcholine assay). Although whole-blood ChE was significantly lower in the exposed than the control participants, it was not significantly correlated with either confounders of age, sex, body weight, and height or high-risks practices. The high-risks practices revealed during the survey included lack of use of personal protective clothing, short reentry intervals, and wrong direction of spraying of pesticides by hand or knapsack sprayer. About 97% of exposed participants had experienced symptoms attributable to pesticide exposure. The frequent symptoms were reported as weakness and headache. There is the need to review safety precautions in the use and application of pesticides in Ghana.

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“…The studies pointed out that majority of the samples contaminated by chlorinated pesticides exceeded the maximum limits which could cause pesticide hazard to the consumer [30,31]. It was observed that organochlorines persisted in the environment long after being banned and may be involved in the causation of breast cancer as a result of estrogenic activity [32]. Alkene, alkyne, esters, acids, phenols and pyrethrum were found in small quantity in all the food samples taken in all sampled markets.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Selected Food Products for Pesticide Residue in Major Markets of Oyo State, Nigeria

Adesina

Babarinde

Olaniran

2015

ILCPA

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ABSTRACT.A study was carried out on the assessment of selected food produce for pesticide residue in Oyo State. With the aid of multi stage sampling technique, 8 selected markets were surveyed in the major constituencies of Oyo State which included Oje and Bodija Market in Ibadan, Arada and Sabo Markets in Ogbomoso, Ajegunle and Araromi Market in Oyo, Owode and Sango Markets in Igboho and Saki respectively in Oke-Ogun. Information on type of pesticide use, reason for choosing the pesticide, method of applying the pesticide and duration of post application storage, were collected. Food produce sampled were yam chips, cowpea, maize and smoked fish for residual analysis. The residual analysis includes extraction of samples, cleaning of extraction and screening of the pesticide using GC-MS to detect any chemical metabolites.The survey reveals that majority (87.5%) of respondents were involved in selling of maize, yam chips and cowpea and the most used pesticide in the market was Aluminium phosphide marketed as phostoxin. Many of respondents applied pesticide by fumigation and the choice of these pesticides was base on customary practices. These food produce are stored for less than a month before being disposed of to consumers. Result from residual analysis shows sample from all the markets contains high percentage of alkane compounds especially the heptadecanes, eicosane, hexadecane and octadecane. Organochlorines were also found in the samples at high percentage.Banned pesticides are still in use in the visited markets and the use of banned pesticide should be prohibited and extension scheme on the use of pesticide on stored produce should be sponsored by government. This will help educate pesticide users on the use of pesticides and its health implications. Consumers are also implored to wash their food very well before consumption so as to remove pesticides that may be present on the seed coat or surface of food produce.

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The problems associated with pesticide use by irrigation workers in Ghana

Cited by 123 publications

References 1 publication

Pesticide residues in fish from the Densu River Basin in Ghana

Pesticide residues in fish from the Densu River Basin in Ghana

Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Blood Cholinesterase Activity in a Farming Community in Ghana

Assessment of Selected Food Products for Pesticide Residue in Major Markets of Oyo State, Nigeria

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