The problem of validity in field studies of psychological disorder.

Dohrewend, Bruce P.; Dohrewend, Barbara Snell

doi:10.1037/h0021680

Cited by 187 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…What is less clear is why 6 months?…. According to Dohrenwend and Dohrenwend (1965), temporal stability of symptoms is essential because valid diagnoses must rule out the possibility of transient stressors (such as combative conditions) mimicking the symptoms of a disorder (PTSD). This is not a concern regarding pedophilia.…”

Section: Comment/responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Pedophilia

Blanchard

2009

Arch Sex Behav

103

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This paper contains the author's report on pedophilia, submitted on June 2, 2008, to the work group charged with revising the diagnoses concerning sexual and gender identity disorders for the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The author reviews the previously published criticisms and empirical research concerning the diagnostic criteria for pedophilia and presents criticism and relevant research of his own. The review shows that the DSM diagnostic criteria for pedophilia have repeatedly been criticized as unsatisfactory on logical or conceptual grounds, and that published empirical studies on the reliability and validity of these criteria have produced ambiguous results. It therefore seems that the current (i.e., DSM-IV-TR) diagnostic criteria need to be examined with an openness to major changes in the DSM-V.

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Section: Comment/responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Pedophilia

Blanchard

2009

Arch Sex Behav

103

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“…Low income means high risk for mental health problems (Warheit et al, 1976;Brown et al, 1975;Liem and Liem, 1978;Dohrenwend and Dohrenwend, 1965;Srole et al, 1962), poor physical health (Children's Defense Fund, 1979) and family violence (Pelton, 1978;Garbarino, 1976;Garbarino and Sherman, 1980;Straus, 1980). After reviewing 22 studies in which stress was a dependent variable, Weisner and Abbott (1977) conclude that there is "a near universal tendency for low socioeconomic status or low income to be associated with high stress" (p. 445).…”

Section: Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Poverty on Social Networks and Supports

Belle

1983

Marriage & Family Review

169

131

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“…Psychiatric epidemiologic surveys cluster into three “generations”[2,3]. “First-generation” studies (pre-World War II), ascertained prevalence of mental disorders from professional informants (physician, agencies).…”

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confidence: 99%

The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Waves 1 and 2: review and summary of findings

Hasin

Grant

2015

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

386

293

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Purpose The NESARC, a “third generation” psychiatric epidemiologic survey that integrated detailed measures of alcohol and drug use and problems, has been the data source for over >850 publications. A comprehensive review of NESARC findings and their implications is lacking. Method NESARC was a survey of 43,093 participants that covered alcohol, drug and psychiatric disorders, risk factors, and consequences. Wave 1 of the NESARC was conducted in 2001-2002. Three years later, Wave 2 follow-up re-interviews were conducted with 34,653 of the original participants. Scopus and Pubmed were used to search for NESARC papers, which were sorted into topic areas and summarized. Result The most common disorders were alcohol and post-traumatic stress disorders, and major depression. Females had more internalizing disorders and males had more externalizing disorders, although the preponderance of males with alcohol disorders (the “gender gap”) is less pronounced than it was in previous decades. A race/ethnic “paradox” (lower risk among disadvantaged minorities than whites) remains unexplained. Younger participants had higher risk for substance and personality disorders, but not unipolar depressive or anxiety disorders. Psychiatric comorbidity was extensive and often formed latent trans-diagnostic domains. Since 1991-1992, risk for marijuana and prescription drug disorders increased, while smoking decreased, although smoking decreases were less pronounced among those with comorbidity. A nexus of comorbidity, social support, and stress predicted transitions in diagnostic status between Waves 1 and 2. Childhood maltreatment predicted psychopathology. Alcohol and drug use disorders were seldom treated; attitudinal barriers (little perceived need, perceived alcoholism stigma, pessimism about efficacy) were more important in predicting non-treatment than financial barriers. Conclusions Understanding comorbidity and the effects of early stressors will require research incorporating biologic components, e.g., genetic variants and brain imaging. The lack of treatment for alcohol and drug disorders, predicted by attitudinal rather than financial variables, suggests urgent need for public and professional education to reduce the stigma associated with these disorders, and increase knowledge of treatment options.

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The problem of validity in field studies of psychological disorder.

Cited by 187 publications

References 45 publications

The DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Pedophilia

The DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Pedophilia

The Impact of Poverty on Social Networks and Supports

The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Waves 1 and 2: review and summary of findings

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