The problem of tobacco smoking

Edwards, Richard

doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7433.217

Cited by 227 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These responses show that respiratory discomfort was dominant in manufacturing workers. This finding is supported by Edwards [10], who found that tobacco users and tobacco workers were easily affected by respiratory disorders. From the assessment of the worksite (with the ergonomics checklist), it was found that manufacturing workers in this zarda factory worked in alternately dry and humid environments with exposure to tobacco dust, mold and mildew.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Respiratory Problems of Workers in the Zarda Industry in Kolkata, India

Ghosh

Barman

2007

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Respiratory Problems of Workers in the Zarda Industry in Kolkata, India

Ghosh

Barman

2007

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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“…Such trends provide an early indication of the stage of the lung cancer epidemic in men and women in each country and region of Europe, enabling a timely assessment of the relative success of tobacco control, drawing attention to specific populations for which further concerted action is needed. 11,12 Material and Methods National mortality were extracted from the WHO mortality databank, which contains data on all deaths officially reported …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such trends provide an early indication of the stage of the lung cancer epidemic in men and women in each country and region of Europe, enabling a timely assessment of the relative success of tobacco control, drawing attention to specific populations for which further concerted action is needed. 11,12 by WHO Member States by topography, coded and tabulated in successive revisions of the International Classification of Diseases (from ICD-7 through to ICD-10), 5-year age group, sex and year of death. Corresponding population data were extracted from the same source.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung cancer mortality trends in 36 European countries: secular trends and birth cohort patterns by sex and region 1970–2007

Bray

Weiderpass

2010

Intl Journal of Cancer

137

126

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Smoking is a major contributor to all-cause mortality in Europe and accounts for one-fifth of the cancer-related deaths. Monitoring the tobacco epidemic via an analysis of lung cancer trends is essential in helping countries arrest the effects of tobacco epidemic in the region. The study aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the temporal patterns of lung cancer mortality in Europe, emphasizing country-and sex-specific differences. National lung cancer mortality data were extracted from the WHO mortality databank by age, sex, year of death for 36 countries in Europe. Trends in lung cancer mortality in men have tended to decrease in many European countries during the last two decades, particularly in North and Western Europe. Among women, mortality rates are still increasing in many countries, although in a few populations, rates are beginning to stabilize, notably in the high-risk countries within Eastern Europe (Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic), and in Northern Europe (Denmark, Iceland and the United Kingdom). Men and women are clearly in very different phases of the smoking epidemic, and, as reflected in the mortality rates by birth cohort, the stage varies widely by country within each European region. That lung cancer mortality trends in men are on a downwards path in most European countries while female rates continue to rise, points to an urgent need for national and European prevention strategies that target tobacco cessation and prevention among European women.Smoking is a major contributor to all-cause mortality in Europe, accounting for one-fifth of all cancer-related deaths, 1 with lung cancer a major component of this burden. The disease has now surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer death in a number of developed countries, including the United States, 2,3 Denmark, Sweden, The Netherlands, Poland and the United Kingdom. 4 The level of rates and temporal patterns of lung cancer incidence or mortality largely reflect the different phases of the smoking epidemic in men and women in different European countries. These tend to differ markedly from country to country, 5 but in general, the decreases or stabilizations of rates in men observed in many European countries in recent years, are in contrast to the uniformly increasing rates seen among women, often within the same country. [6][7][8] Careful monitoring of the trends of the smoking epidemic has been recently put forward by the WHO as one of six key policies in tobacco control. 9 The close relation between the temporal patterns of lung cancer mortality and smoking prevalence indicates the dissemination of trends in the former provides key information for the targeted primary prevention of cancer and other noncommunicable diseases.The aim of this study is to provide such a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the temporal patterns of lung cancer mortality in the European region with an emphasis on the country-and sex-specific differences observed. The longestablished generational influence of tobacco co...

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“…These effects contribute to nicotine's addictive properties. [13] Smoking is now increasing rapidly throughout the developing world with approximately onethird of smokers living in China [14] and is one of the biggest threats to current and future world health [15] There are 47.5% of men and 10.3% of women are current smokers and Tobacco continues to be the second major cause of death worldwide. [16] Furthermore, while the prevalence of tobacco use has declined among men in some high income countries, it is still increasing among young people and women [17] Cigarette smoking is the most widespread type of tobacco use world over but in India it is chewing tobacco and bidi are the dominant forms of tobacco consumption.…”

Section: Smoking Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%