The Problem of Physiological Species with Special Reference to Oysters and Oyster Drills

Stauber, Leslie A.

doi:10.2307/1931365

Cited by 72 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Other evidence also suggests that geographically separated oyster populations are physiologically differentiated (Stauber 1950;Loosanoff & Nomejko 1951;Barber, Ford & Wargo 1991) even though there is no evidence of significant allozyme or DNA differentiation along the East Coast of the United States (Buroker 1983;Karl & Avise 1992). The oysters from the northern population (Long Island Sound) were found to be significantly larger at a given age than the oysters from the southern population (Delaware Bay) in an examination of long-term growth patterns of the Rutgers oysters (Dittman, Ford & Haskin, unpublished observations).…”

Section: Oyster Ciliary Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal compensation in oyster ciliary activity

Dittman

1997

Functional Ecology

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Summary 1.Theories of latitudinal compensation predict that individuals living in colder temperature regimes should physiologically compensate for the slowing of standard physiological rates, owing to the relatively low temperature of their local environments, by increasing their metabolic rate in colder water temperatures relative to individuals living in warmer water temperature regimes.2. This hypothesis was tested with oyster strains originally from geographically separated populations that were raised in a common environment for seven generations. The physiological parameter measured was ciliary activity across a temperature gradient. 3. Support for the latitudinal compensation hypothesis was found: the strain originally from the colder temperature regime had more active cilia at lower experimental temperatures than individuals originally from the warmer temperature regime. Ciliary activity of the more northern Long Island Sound oysters was significantly greater than activity in the more southern Delaware Bay oysters at temperatures of -1, 2 and 6°C. 4. These results suggest that there is genetically based physiological differentiation between these populations of oysters consistent with the latitudinal compensation for local temperature regime.

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Section: Oyster Ciliary Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal compensation in oyster ciliary activity

Dittman

1997

Functional Ecology

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“…Some studies have observed higher settlement and recruitment patterns in bays than in surrounding areas such as headlands and open coasts (Gaines & Bertness 1992, Wing et al 1995, Archambault & Bourget 1999, McQuaid & Phillips 2006 and have also reported increased zooplankton abundance in fronts and eddies generated by headlands associated with bays (Rankin et al 1994, Graham & Largier 1997, Wing et al 1998. Indirect evidence suggests that species with planktonic larvae could also show genetic differences between bay and nearby open coast populations (Stauber 1950, Loosanoff & Nomejka 1951, Bertness & Gaines 1993. For example, Bertness & Gaines (1993) show that rock temperatures are greater in bays and that barnacle mortality due to thermal stress is higher at bay locations, suggesting a strong signature on the genetic structure of marine populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal topography drives genetic structure in marine mussels

Nicastro¹,

Zardi²,

McQuaid³

et al. 2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Understanding population connectivity is fundamental to ecology, and, for sedentary organisms, connectivity is achieved through larval dispersal. We tested whether coastal topography influences genetic structure in Perna perna mussels by comparing populations inside bays and on the open coast. Higher hydrodynamic stress on the open coast produces higher mortality and thus genetic turnover. Populations on the open coast had fewer private haplotypes and less genetic endemism than those inside bays. Gene flow analysis showed that bays act as source populations, with greater migration rates out of bays than into them. Differences in genetic structure on scales of 10s of kilometres show that coastal configuration strongly affects selection, larval dispersal and haplotype diversity. KEY WORDS: Dispersal · Coastal topography · ConnectivityResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Mar Ecol Prog Ser 368: 189-195, 2008 Bay morphology influences oceanography, not only by retaining water and, thus, changing circulation patterns and consequently affecting larval dispersal (Roughan et al. 2005), but also by creating different selective environments from those of the open coast. In bays, populations are often subjected to high thermal stress, different food concentrations and lower salinities compared to open coast sites (Ricketts & Calvin 1968, Castilla et al. 2002, Largier 2004. However, wave action, which can be the major cause of mussel dislodgement in the intertidal habitat (Paine & Levine 1981), is higher on the open coast than in bays (Ricketts & Calvin 1968).In the present study, we test the hypothesis that the influence of coastal topography on larval dispersal and selective regime produces a discernible and predictable effect on the genetic structure of mussel populations. Our null hypothesis is that open coast sites have the same genetic diversity and number of private haplotypes as sites in bays. Mussels disperse by means of planktotrophic larvae that can stay in the water column for a period of weeks to months before settling to the substratum and being recruited into adult populations (Hicks & Tunnell 1995). In addition, wave force was measured at the same sites on 4 different occasions. Mortality rates of Perna perna were measured at 2 bay and 2 open coast sites after a storm to determine the role of hydrodynamic stress in genetic turnover. MATERIALS AND METHODSSampling, DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing. Populations of Perna perna (shell length 4 to 5 cm) were sampled at 3 sites inside bays (Plettenberg Bay, Jeffreys Bay, Algoa Bay) and 3 open coast sites (Cape St. Francis, Cape Recife, Kenton-on-Sea; n = 15 each population; Fig. 1) from low intertidal rocky shores of South Africa. These bays are typical of a series of half-heart or log-spiral bays found on this coast. They include a long stretch of sandy beach, with patches of sand-influenced granite rock (Bownes & McQuaid 2006). All populations belong to the same genetic lineage (Zardi et al. 2007)...

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“…DBN = Delaware Bay Native. DBI = Delaware Bay Inbred Stauber (1950),. the Long Island Sound population was distinct because it began spawning when temperature reached 16.4?C.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variation in the Timing of Gonadal Maturation and Spawning of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin)

Barber

Ford

Wargo

1991

The Biological Bulletin

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The gonadal cycles of four groups of eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), including native stocks collected that year and inbred strains (reared in Delaware Bay for 5-6 generations) from both Long Island Sound and Delaware Bay, were compared in Delaware Bay in 1987. Inbred strains resembled their respective native stocks; both Long Island groups initiated gonadal development and spawning about one month earlier and spawned over a shorter duration than both Delaware Bay groups. Analysis of covariance revealed that the effect of time on gonadal development was statistically different (P ≤ 0.05) for all between-location group comparisons, but not for the two within-location comparisons. Thus, after six generations of inbreeding in Delaware Bay, Long Island oysters maintained their characteristic pattern of gonadal development and spawning, indicating the existence of genetically different environmental requirements for gonadal maturation between the two locations.

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The Problem of Physiological Species with Special Reference to Oysters and Oyster Drills

Cited by 72 publications

References 13 publications

Latitudinal compensation in oyster ciliary activity

Latitudinal compensation in oyster ciliary activity

Coastal topography drives genetic structure in marine mussels

Genetic Variation in the Timing of Gonadal Maturation and Spawning of the Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin)

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