The problem of paralytic poliomyelitis in the urban and rural population around Lucknow, India

Chaturvedi, U. C.; Mathur, Asha; Singh, Uttam; Kushwaha, Mahesh; Mehrotra, R. M. L.; Kapoor, Amit; Rai, Sushma; Gurha, R. G.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400025006

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Age and educational level of the father were found to have a significant effect on the prevalence of antibody in the children sampled, which is in agreement with earlier works done elsewhere (Chaturvedi et al, 1978;Oladejo et al, 2013). This goes to show that refusal which was common in most communities is gradually waning away and the higher the educational level the more the acceptance.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Health facility-based survey of poliovirus antibody prevalence amongst children in Kebbi state, North west, Nigeria.

Yusuf¹,

Jatau²,

Yakubu³

et al. 2016

Bayero J. Pure App. Sci.

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Background: High level of Poliovirus protective antibodies, must at all times be sustained in a community if poliomyelitis eradication is to be achieved. For some time now children have been vaccinated against poliomyelitis through various means in Northern Nigeria without authorities taking steps to evaluate the effectiveness of such activities. Aim: This research was focused on assessing the overall success of the Immunization programme using children whose mothers have access to immunization facilities. Materials and methods: A cross sectional survey was designed to enroll children whose mothers had access to Health Facilities across the state. Eighty blood samples of under-five years old children in Kebbi state were collected and tested for the presence of poliovirus antibodies. Indirect ELISA was used to detect for the presence of the antibodies. Results: Out of these samples collected, 65 (81.3%) have antibodies to all the serotypes. While 75 (93.8%), 71 (88.8%) and 74 (92.5%) have antibodies to poliovirus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Older children 48-59 month had the highest poliovirus antibody prevalence 21 (95.5%). Female children had higher prevalence than males. Children who have not received any vaccination against Poliovirus had lowest antibody prevalence 9 (64.3%). Children who had more than four doses of the vaccine had the highest prevalence of Poliovirus antibodies. Urban children had higher Poliovirus antibody prevalence than their rural counterparts. Children whose fathers educational were up to tertiary level had higher antibody prevalence than those with either primary or secondary school level. Conclusion: This study found out that age of the children and educational level of the children fathers had a significant effect on the prevalence of antibodies at P = 0.05. More work needs to be done in order to sustain the apparent success achieved in stopping the poliovirus circulation and outbreaks within the populace in Kebbi state Nigeria.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Health facility-based survey of poliovirus antibody prevalence amongst children in Kebbi state, North west, Nigeria.

Yusuf¹,

Jatau²,

Yakubu³

et al. 2016

Bayero J. Pure App. Sci.

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“…Polio is a highly infectious disease transmitted person to person or by a common vehicle (contaminated water or food). Although overcrowding associated with urban growth, as well as ensuing sanitation issues, has been determined conducive to polio virus transmission, polio cases have been found both in urban and rural settings (Chaturvedi et al, ; Maru, Getahun, & Hoshna, ). Contemporary epidemiological studies have shown that small populations have the potential to sustain prolonged silent circulation (i.e., asymptomatic spread of polio), with an upper bound of 15 years between two successive paralytic cases (Vallejo, Keesling, Koopman, & Singer, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible neurogenic disorder in a female buried in the monastic cemetery at Ghazali (ca. 670–1270 CE), northern Sudan

Ciesielska

Stark

2019

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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During the archaeological excavations of a Christian monastic cemetery in northern Sudan, a double-vaulted tomb was discovered housing the remains of three individuals, among them a 50+-year-old female. The skeletal remains of this individual displayed significant asymmetry of the lower limbs, with apparent muscle atrophy and shortening of the left extremity, in combination with other symptoms suggestive of a neurogenic background of the condition. This paper presents a differential assessment, considering various possible etiologies of the observed lesions, including poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, and Rasmussen's encephalitis. The morphology and patterning of the observed lesions suggest the first known occurrence of poliomyelitis from medieval Sudanese contexts.

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“…Polio cases have been found in both rural and urban settings. Higher incidence in urban areas may arise from overcrowding 39 , while in urban-rural populations it may be additionally due to lack of hygiene and health service facilities 40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative epidemiology of poliovirus transmission

Noori

Drake

Rohani

2017

Sci Rep

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Understanding the determinants of polio transmission and its large-scale epidemiology remains a public health priority. Despite a 99% reduction in annual wild poliovirus (WPV) cases since 1988, tackling the last 1% has proven difficult. We identified key covariates of geographical variation in polio transmission patterns by relating country-specific annual disease incidence to demographic, socio-economic and environmental factors. We assessed the relative contributions of these variables to the performance of computer-generated models for predicting polio transmission. We also examined the effect of spatial coupling on the polio extinction frequency in islands relative to larger land masses. Access to sanitation, population density, forest cover and routine vaccination coverage were the strongest predictors of polio incidence, however their relative effect sizes were inconsistent geographically. The effect of climate variables on polio incidence was negligible, indicating that a climate effect is not identifiable at the annual scale, suggesting a role for climate in shaping the transmission seasonality rather than intensity. We found polio fadeout frequency to depend on both population size and demography, which should therefore be considered in policies aimed at extinction. Our comparative epidemiological approach highlights the heterogeneity among polio transmission determinants. Recognition of this variation is important for the maintenance of population immunity in a post-polio era.

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The problem of paralytic poliomyelitis in the urban and rural population around Lucknow, India

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Health facility-based survey of poliovirus antibody prevalence amongst children in Kebbi state, North west, Nigeria.

Health facility-based survey of poliovirus antibody prevalence amongst children in Kebbi state, North west, Nigeria.

Possible neurogenic disorder in a female buried in the monastic cemetery at Ghazali (ca. 670–1270 CE), northern Sudan

Comparative epidemiology of poliovirus transmission

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