The problem of attention in research and theory in schizophrenia.

Silverman, Julian

doi:10.1037/h0046042

Cited by 275 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Thinking in nonparanoid subjects has been reported as more concrete and regressive than in paranoid subjects (Wahl & Wishner, 1972 ;Youkilis & De Wolfe, 1975), and Wahl & Wishner (1972) have suggested that there are basic differences in the thinking disorders of the two groups. Silverman (1964) has reviewed research showing that schizophrenic subjects with paranoid tendencies are more proficient than nonparanoid subjects in attending selectively to features of a complex visual stimulus, and also show more extensive and repeated scanning of a visual display.…”

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confidence: 99%

Schizophrenic and paranoid thinking in conceptual performance

Simpson

Bourne

Justesen

et al. 1979

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Thirty-two hospitalized patients diagnosed as schizophrenic were assigned in equal numbers to four groups on the basis of their scores on the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST) and the paranoid (Pal scale of the MMPI. Subjects attempted to solve two conceptformation problems in which they were to identify relevant stimulus attributes, under two levels of demand on their memories for previous stimuli. Only in conjunction with a low score on the Pa scale did the schizophrenic index predict a conceptual deficit. Only the high-WIST, low-Pa group differed significantly from a control group of normal subjects. This result qualifies earlier research concerning the power of the WIST to predict logical performance. No difference was found between the two levels of memory demand.Conceptual behavior may be broadly defined as the collection of skills and knowledge that allows people to recognize regularities among objects and events, and to use those regularities to organize their cognitive representations of the world. Recent research (Bourne, Justesen , Abraham, Beeker, Brauchi, Whitaker, & Yaroush, 1977) has shown that the conceptual skills of a sample of patients diagnosed as schizophrenic varied as a function of the severity of schizophrenic thinking, as measured by the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST) (Whitaker , 1973) .The WIST is a short (25-item) objective test that measures the illogicality of subjects' associations to single words, word pairs, and sentences that describe hypothetical inventions. Higher WIST indices indicate greater disturbance of thinking. In general, those patients who made unusual associations to the verbal stimuli on the WIST alsu failed to understand and abstract the relationship among visual stimuli required by a conceptual rule-learning task. Conspicuous,

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Schizophrenic and paranoid thinking in conceptual performance

Simpson

Bourne

Justesen

et al. 1979

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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“…Ideas about attention as a viable psychological concept began to be explored around the time .the new experimental psychology was taking hold in Germany (Silverman, 1964). It was at this time that the early work supporting the concept of attention emerged (Berlyne, 1970).…”

Section: Theory Of Attentional Stylesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nideffer's (1976aNideffer's ( , 1976b, drawing from the work of Wachtel (1967) and Silverman (1964), described attention competencies as being divided into a two-dimensional matrix: width (narrow to broad) and direction (internal to.external). Width refers to the number of elements one can attend to in a stimulus field.…”

Section: Theory Of Attentional Stylesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in contrast to the dual-task paradigm for the measurement of attention on a broad-narrow continuum as Easterbrook (1959) had done, Nideffer (1976a) like Silverman (1964) and Wachtel (1967) viewed attention as two-dimensional, consisting of width (broad-narrow) and direction (internal-external). Nideffer (1976a) Nideffer (1976aNideffer ( , 1976b believed that by using the TAIS it is possible to plot a person's ability to develop the four different types of attention proposed based upon his theory of attentional styles.…”

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The Attentional Style of Intercollegiate Athletes Based on Gender and Type of Sport

Pierce

Edwards

1999

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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“…The clinical differences and also features in the case history are being related to the visual records, such as the number of fixations made during 10 sec. of a size-estimation task (Silverman, 1964(Silverman, , 1966.…”

Section: (5) Practical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mackworth

1967

Perception & Psychophysics

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The problem of attention in research and theory in schizophrenia.

Cited by 275 publications

References 82 publications

Schizophrenic and paranoid thinking in conceptual performance

Schizophrenic and paranoid thinking in conceptual performance

The Attentional Style of Intercollegiate Athletes Based on Gender and Type of Sport

A stand camera for line-of-sight recording

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