The Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei Ameliorates Diarrhea Cause by Escherichia coli O8via Gut Microbiota Modulation1

Abstract

IntroductionKoumiss is a fermented horse milk food containing abundant probiotics. Lactobacillus paracasei is a bacterial strain isolated from koumiss that helps regulate the intestinal microbiota. One of the major cause of diarrhea is an imbalance of the intestinal flora. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Lactobacillus paracasei can ameliorate E. coli-induced diarrhea and modulate the gut microbiota.MethodsMouse models of diarrhea were established via intragastric E. coli O8 administration. We then attempted to prevent or treat diarrhea in the mice via intragastric administration of a 3 × 108 CFU/mL L. paracasei cell suspension. The severity of diarrhea was evaluated based on the body weight, diarrhea rate, and index, fecal diameter, ileum injury, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and diamine oxidase (DAO) and zonulin expression. Expression of the tight junction (TJ) proteins claudin-1, occludin, and zona occludens (ZO-)1 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Gastrointestinal mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The microbial composition was analyzed by 16s rRNA sequencing.ResultsThe L. paracasei demonstrated excellent therapeutic efficacy against diarrhea. It elevated the TJ protein levels and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and p65, myosin light chain 2 (MLC2), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). Moreover L. paracasei increased those bacteria, which can product short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) such Alistipes, Odoribacter, Roseburia, and Oscillibacter.ConclusionL. paracasei ameliorated diarrhea by inhibiting activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-MLCK pathway and increasing the abundance of gut microbiota that produce SCFA.

Edwardsiella piscicida infection reshapes the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of big-belly seahorses: mechanistic insights of synergistic actions of virulence factors

“…As a component of tight junctions, the expression of ZO-1 significantly decreases after pathogen infection in fish ( 39 ). Interestingly, ZO-1 expression in the present study was significantly upregulated in the deep infection stage, consistent with previous reports in mice ( 40 ), suggesting that ZO-1 is dispensable for barrier function and can act as a regulator of tight junctions to promote the repair of damaged mucosa ( 41 ). In addition, the DAI results suggest that the updated evaluation system can effectively reflect the pattern and intensity of disease progression.…”

Dynamic distribution of gut microbiota in cattle at different breeds and health states

“…Gut microbial diversity and richness constantly decrease under the influence of diarrhea ( Zhang L. et al, 2020 ; Cui et al, 2021 ; Ren et al, 2022 ). In our study, we found no significant difference in gut microbiota diversity and richness between the An group and DA group, the lack of difference is most likely due to an increase in pathogenic bacteria due to diarrhea and a decrease in beneficial bacteria in the DA group.…”

Weizmannia coagulans BC2000 Plus Ellagic Acid Inhibits High-Fat-Induced Insulin Resistance by Remodeling the Gut Microbiota and Activating the Hepatic Autophagy Pathway in Mice

“…In a recent study, urolithin A and urolithin B were administered to Wister rats, and it was found that urolithin B could increase the relative abundance of Alistipes in the rat intestine [ 33 ]. Alistipes can produce short-chain fatty acids [ 34 ], which are closely related to insulin resistance [ 35 ]. In this study, Alistipes were significantly enriched in the HFD+EA+BC2000 group.…”