Recent findings show an apparent erosion in the United States over the post-war years of 'social capital' understood as the propensity of individuals to associate together on a regular basis, to trust one another, and to engage in community affairs. This article examines the British case for similar trends, finding no equivalent erosion. It proposes explanations for the resilience of social capital in Britain, rooted in educational reform, the transformation of the class structure, and government policy. It concludes by drawing some general lessons from the British case that stress the importance of the distributive dimensions of social capital and the impact that governments can have on it.Political scientists have long been interested in how the organization of society and the structure of social relations might condition the effectiveness of governance and especially the stability, responsiveness or policy performance of democratic governments. Such issues can be approached from at least two perspectives. Some emphasize the importance of organizations more or less 'purpose-built' for the transmission of political demands or deeply implicated in the implementation of policy, such as political parties and the organized interest groups that figure prominently in analyses of pluralism, consociationalism and neo-corporatism. 1 Others stress the effects of a more diffuse set of social relations, whether rooted in the family, community, class structure or associational life, of the sort that are often said to be constitutive of political culture. 2 In recent years, this second line of enquiry has been given new life by a