The principles of integration in urban transport strategies

Abstract

Integration as a principle in urban transport policy is frequently advocated but rarely defined. We suggest a range of types of integration, and highlight the problems in developing an effective integrated strategy, given the number of variables involved. We argue that integration should be designed to serve agreed objectives of transport policy, rather than being an objective in its own right.We then consider the principles for designing an effective integrated strategy. We define the concept of synergy, which is often advocated as a benefit of integration, and discuss whether it, and other aggregation benefits short of true synergy, are achievable. We then consider the alternative approach of using integration to overcome barriers, an approach which is likely to be in conflict with pursuit of synergy, but more likely to lead to readily implemented strategies.We then review a number of examples where these principles have been applied, and investigate them to assess whether synergy has been demonstrated. Generally we find little evidence of synergy in outcome indicators. We conclude with some more general guidance on approaches to integration.

Optimal and Long-Term Dynamic Transport Policy Design: Seeking Maximum Social Welfare through a Pricing Scheme

“…The proposed toll value in off-peak periods in this study is zero because there is no significant congestion situation, coinciding with the results presented in May, Kelly, and Shepherd (2006) and Shepherd et al (2006). Therefore, achievable potential time saving, which is the most relevant factor in a CBA analysis (Salling and Leleur, 2011), through pricing policies is so low that the optimal value reached for the tolling scheme is close to zero.…”

“…Added to above, net present value obtained is highly dependent on social discount rate. In this exercise, a rate of 4.8% was implemented, notably higher than other studies where a 3.5% discount rate was taken (Leape, 2006;Shepherd et al 2006;May et al 2006). On the other hand, main contribution to positive welfare on a CBA approach is trip time saved.…”

Joint road toll pricing and capacity development in discrete transport network design problem

“…The combination or integration of measures for road transport tends to cover certain types of management policies, e.g., the development of sustainable urban transport strategies (Marsden, et al, 2010;May et al, 2005a and b), optimal urban transport strategies (May and Still, 2000;May, et al, 2006;Shepherd, et al, 2006;Kelly et al, 2008;Xu et al, 2015), and more recently, urban transport packages (Givoni, 2014). Modelling the combination of measures in the transport network framework is important.…”

Integrated planning aimed at sustainability city logistics solutions

“…Prema May-u i saradnicima [14], strategija, rešenje CL, podrazumeva sledeće oblike integracije:  Operativna integracija: saradnja učesnika CL, privrednih subjekata; konsultacije lokalne uprave sa davaocima logističke usluge; koordinacija političkih instrumenata; kooperacija i koordinacija mera CL; integracija vidova transporta i logističkih sistema.  Strateška integracija: uključivanje strategije CL u urbane prostorne planove; usaglašavanje logistike sa planovima ostalih privrednih i društvenih sektora; koordinacija različitih aspekata urbane mobilnosti (teretnih i putničkih, motorizovanih i nemotorizovanih tokova).…”