The Principles of Ensilage

Abstract

Zusammenfassung Dieses übersichtsreferat bringt Ergebnisse einer Arbeitsgruppe aus Edinburgh, die in den letzten 15 Jahren den Silierungsprozeß untersucht hat. Die Grundlagen der Silie‐rung werden besprochen, und Angaben werden gemacht über Ausrüstung, chemische Methoden und bakteriologische Verfahren. Beschrieben werden Einflüsse soldier Fak‐toren, wie Feuchtigkeit und Temperatur einerseits, chemischer Zusammensetzung, physikalischer Beschaffenheit und Mikroflora des Ausgangsmaterials andererseits, auf den Silierungsprozeß. Die Entwicklung von Clostridien zu verhindern durch schnelle Erzeugung und Aufrechterhaltung anaerober Bedingungen und durch Erhöhung des Trockensubstanzgehaltes im Ausgangsmaterial auf bis zu 30 % wird als besonders wichtig angesehen.

Fermentation and Proteolysis During the Ensilage of Wilted and Unwilted Diploid and Tetraploid Red Clover

“…The production of biogenic amines in silage is determined by the extent of proteolysis and/or the rate of decarboxylation [16]. In this study, the correlation between amine content and proteolysis was confirmed with respect to the degree of wilting, ploidy and the effect of diploid cultivars.…”

“…Parada and Krynia had no limiting effect on the rate of fermentation (no significant effect on the concentrations of lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol and WSC). A lower decrease in organic matter content during the ensilage of diploid red clover (a lower ash content of silage, compared with green forage), at similar lactic acid concentrations, could be indicative of more efficient lactic acid fermentation (greater contribution of homofermentative microflora) [16]. The genetic forms of red clover and cultivars within these forms had the strongest effect on butyric acid concentrations in silage.…”

Methods of lab silos sealing and fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage treated with microbial additive

“…The production of effluent in silages can be related to the level of DM of the plant, the cell wall rupture and bulk density (Alli et al, 1985), as well as to the formation of water during the fermentation of glycose into ethanol and the decrease of DM content due to losses (McDonald et al, 1991). In this paper, the silos sealed with plastic sheet showed the highest production of effluents, although the levels of DM and the fermentative losses were very similar to silos sealed with lids.…”

“…Ávila et al (2010) isolated nine distinct species of yeast from samples of five sugarcane silages and observed that most of them assimilated lactate and all species grew well in a pH lower than 3.3. The RB72-454 variety, the same used in this study was noticed by the authors as with higher occurrence of Torulaspora debrueckii and Pichia anomala, which, under conditions of anaerobiosis, obtain energy from the fermentation of sugars, producing 2 moles of CO 2 and two molecules of water for each mol of glycose that is fermented into ethanol (McDonald et al, 1991).…”

“…These losses are caused by the metabolism of yeast, which consumes great part of the soluble carbohydrates and lactate and produces CO 2 , water, ethanol, and energy (Moon, 1983;McDonald et al, 1991). Due to the high growth of yeast on sugarcane, fermentative losses of DM during ensilage are higher than all other forage species conserved using this method.…”