The Principle of the Auger Extruder

Bridgwater, J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-27102-4_6

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Techno-economic assessment (TEA) is usually linked to biomass processing or about new innovations designed for the well-being of the environment and humans. Furthermore, TEA modeling approaches are more often needed to determine the valorization potential of evolving technologies to give a clear understanding of the main insecurities to decision makers as well as for funding prospectives, either national or international schemes. , Considering the TEA of the thermochemical conversion of MCBs, there are some barriers such as (1) lack of data availability, (2) major cost deviations in available data, (3) almost no data sets or historical data available for uncertainties, and (4) substantial doubts on the capital cost of processes that have not been put into practice yet . Kuppens et al conducted a TEA on the thermal conversion of Cd-containing biomass (willow) with respect to a positive net present value, which indicates the profitability of the technology.…”

Section: Techno-economic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Heavy Metals during Pyrolysis and Gasification of Metal-Contaminated Waste Biomass: A Review

Raheem

Mangi

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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The presence of contaminates (i.e., heavy metals) in biomass through various sources (industrial activities and municipal solid waste) from its growth to end use has become a nuisance. Over the past years, biofuel production from metal-contaminated waste biomasses (MCWBs) has attracted more attention on account of the potential roles in addressing both energy and environmental concerns. This review considers the migration and transfer behaviors of heavy metals into various output streams, including solid products (i.e., biochar), tar and syngas from MCWBs, i.e., contaminated energy crops, plants, industrial wastes, and municipal solid waste, and using thermochemical processes (gasification and pyrolysis). In addition, the authors also shed light on the transfer mechanisms of heavy metals (however, the availability of the literature on the transfer mechanisms of heavy metals during thermal process is very limited) and usability of products (bio-oil, biochar, and syngas), including a comparison of gasification and pyrolysis processes in regard to the conversion of MCWBs into bioenergy. In the end, technoeconomic assessments and future perspectives are presented. This review will be helpful to promote future research and may aid in the scale-up of the current practices to visualize MCWBs as potential opportunities instead of nuisances.

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Section: Techno-economic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Heavy Metals during Pyrolysis and Gasification of Metal-Contaminated Waste Biomass: A Review

Raheem

Mangi

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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“…Therefore, free, unadsorbed binder molecules are hardly produced within the liquid phase, and the segregation of binder, a kind of common phenomenon reported during spray drying (usually used prior to dry pressing) is effectively eliminated in our study . It should be mentioned that although in the form of solid, starch, and HPMC containing a large amount of hydrogen bonds possess strong hydrophilic character, which can hinder the movement of water and obtain a cohesive paste …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Improved green strength of ceramic bodies through extrusion using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as binder

Jiang

Tao

2020

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Different amounts of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and starch in the form of powder were utilized as binder in the extrusion of silicon nitride green bodies.Their three-point flexural strength and microstructure of fracture surface are investigated. It is found that HPMC can markedly improve the green strength compared with the use of starch. The bending strength with 10% HPMC addition is 29.3 ± 3.1 MPa, which is approximately 7.5 times that of starch counterpart. The dramatic improvement of strength can be attributed to the rough fiber-like HPMC particles, which were aligned along the direction of extrusion and were pulled out during bending tests. This work represents a step towards a simple but effective way to extrude highstrength ceramic green bodies. K E Y W O R D Sbinder, ceramics, green strength, microstructure

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The Principle of the Auger Extruder

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Roles of Heavy Metals during Pyrolysis and Gasification of Metal-Contaminated Waste Biomass: A Review

Roles of Heavy Metals during Pyrolysis and Gasification of Metal-Contaminated Waste Biomass: A Review

Improved green strength of ceramic bodies through extrusion using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as binder

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