The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE): a nulling polarimeter for cosmic microwave background observations

Kogut, A.; Fixsen, D. J.; Chuss, David T.; Dotson, Jessie L.; Dwek, Eli; Halpern, M.; Hinshaw, G.; Meyer, Stephan; Moseley, S. H.; Seiffert, M. D.; Spergel, David N.; Wollack, Edward J.

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2011/07/025

Cited by 625 publications

(727 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…This is always significantly below the sensitivity of FI-RAS [21], and would be within the reach of proposed spectral distortion experiments such as PIXIE [44] only if PBHs radiated near the Eddington luminosity. In practice, L L Edd at all times (see Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Global Heatingmentioning

confidence: 76%

Cosmic microwave background limits on accreting primordial black holes

2017

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Interest in the idea that primordial black holes (PBHs) might comprise some or all of the dark matter has recently been rekindled following LIGO's first direct detection of a binary-black-hole merger. Here we revisit the effect of accreting PBHs on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) frequency spectrum and angular temperature/polarization power spectra. We compute the accretion rate and luminosity of PBHs, accounting for their suppression by Compton drag and Compton cooling by CMB photons. We estimate the gas temperature near the Schwarzschild radius, and hence the free-free luminosity, accounting for the cooling resulting from collisional ionization when the background gas is mostly neutral. We account approximately for the velocities of PBHs with respect to the background gas. We provide a simple analytic estimate of the efficiency of energy deposition in the plasma. We find that the spectral distortions generated by accreting PBHs are too small to be detected by FIRAS, as well as by future experiments now being considered. We analyze Planck CMB temperature and polarization data and find, under our most conservative hypotheses, and at the order-of-magnitude level, that they rule out PBHs with masses 10 2 M as the dominant component of dark matter.

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Section: Effect Of Global Heatingmentioning

confidence: 76%

Cosmic microwave background limits on accreting primordial black holes

2017

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“…Future galaxy surveys [151] may reduce the error on n s by a factor of 5. At the same time, future CMB polarization experiments [26,[152][153][154][155] have the potential to reduce the error on r to the percent level.…”

Section: Scalar Tilt and Runningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflation and String Theory

2015

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“…The latter are only sourced by tensor perturbations in the early Universe and are predicted by inflation (Hu & White 1997). To improve this situation, new CMB space missions such as CORE+ 1 , PIXIE (Kogut et al 2011), LiteBIRD (Matsumura et al 2014), are discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-layer kinetic inductance detectors for space observations between 80–120 GHz

Catalano

Goupy

Sueur

et al. 2015

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We have developed lumped element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) that are sensitive in the frequency band from 80 to 120 GHz. In this work, we take advantage of the so-called proximity effect to reduce the superconducting gap of aluminium (Al), otherwise strongly suppressing the LEKID response for frequencies smaller than 100 GHz. We designed, produced, and optically tested various fully multiplexed arrays based on multi-layer combinations of Al and titanium (Ti). Their sensitivities were measured using a dedicated closed-circle 100 mK dilution cryostat and a sky simulator, which allowed us to reproduce realistic observation conditions. The spectral response was characterised with a Martin-Puplett interferometer up to THz frequencies and had a resolution of 3 GHz. We demonstrate that Ti-Al LEKID can reach an optical sensitivity of about 1.4 × 10 −17 W/Hz 0.5 (best pixel), or 2.2 × 10 −17 W/Hz 0.5 when averaged over the whole array. The optical background was set to roughly 0.4 pW per pixel, which is typical for future space observatories in this particular band. The performance is close to a sensitivity of twice the CMB photon noise limit at 100 GHz, which drove the design of the Planck HFI instrument. This figure remains the baseline for the next generation of millimetre-wave space satellites.

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The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE): a nulling polarimeter for cosmic microwave background observations

Cited by 625 publications

References 65 publications

Cosmic microwave background limits on accreting primordial black holes

Cosmic microwave background limits on accreting primordial black holes

Inflation and String Theory

Bi-layer kinetic inductance detectors for space observations between 80–120 GHz

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