The Prevention and Management of COVID-19: Seeking a Practical and Timely Solution

Jindal, Charulata; Kumar, Sandeep; Sharma, Sunil; Choi, Y.; Efird, Jimmy T.

doi:10.3390/ijerph17113986

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Therefore, we understand that the knowledge of the special behavior of COVID-19 requires a multi-scalar analysis [ 29 , 32 ]. Within the intra-urban scale, the spatial analysis can produce revealing knowledge to help policymakers to reduce the COVID-19 spread, aiming one of the stages of the risk mitigation [ 7 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, if we consider the two stages for the risk mitigation, on the one hand, to reduce the spread and, on the other hand, to decrease the disease severity [ 7 ], this research contributes to the first one to reduce the spread, with local perspective (intra-urban scale). A geospatial and spatial-statistical analysis of the geographical dimension of the COVID-19 pandemic can be considered to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of COVID-19 and the likelihood of new outbreaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facing a Second Wave from a Regional View: Spatial Patterns of COVID-19 as a Key Determinant for Public Health and Geoprevention Plans

Guerra

Salcines

Cantarero

2020

IJERPH

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Several studies on spatial patterns of COVID-19 show huge differences depending on the country or region under study, although there is some agreement that socioeconomic factors affect these phenomena. The aim of this paper is to increase the knowledge of the socio-spatial behavior of coronavirus and implementing a geospatial methodology and digital system called SITAR (Fast Action Territorial Information System, by its Spanish acronym). We analyze as a study case a region of Spain called Cantabria, geocoding a daily series of microdata coronavirus records provided by the health authorities (Government of Cantabria—Spain) with the permission of Medicines Ethics Committee from Cantabria (CEIm, June 2020). Geocoding allows us to provide a new point layer based on the microdata table that includes cases with a positive result in a COVID-19 test. Regarding general methodology, our research is based on Geographical Information Technologies using Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) Technologies. This tool is a global reference for spatial COVID-19 research, probably due to the world-renowned COVID-19 dashboard implemented by the Johns Hopkins University team. In our analysis, we found that the spatial distribution of COVID-19 in urban locations presents a not random distribution with clustered patterns and density matters in the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, large metropolitan areas or districts with a higher number of persons tightly linked together through economic, social, and commuting relationships are the most vulnerable to pandemic outbreaks, particularly in our case study. Furthermore, public health and geoprevention plans should avoid the idea of economic or territorial stigmatizations. We hold the idea that SITAR in particular and Geographic Information Technologies in general contribute to strategic spatial information and relevant results with a necessary multi-scalar perspective to control the pandemic.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facing a Second Wave from a Regional View: Spatial Patterns of COVID-19 as a Key Determinant for Public Health and Geoprevention Plans

Guerra

Salcines

Cantarero

2020

IJERPH

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“…Potent antioxidant activity may contribute to the ability of the indoleamine hormone melatonin, which has also been suggested as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 ( Martín Giménez et al, 2020 ; Reiter et al, 2020 ), to ameliorate several adverse consequence of aging. The dipeptide carnosine, which is able to scavenge both ROS and reactive carbonyls ( Hipkiss et al, 2016 ), has been suggested for treating COVID-19 in ( Jindal et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Covid-19 Vs Agents Suggested For Use Against Aging Based Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: A Challenge to Physiology of Aging

Golubev

2020

Front. Physiol.

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The death toll of the current COVID-19 pandemic is strongly biased toward the elderly. COVID-19 case fatality rate (CFR) increases with age exponentially, its doubling time being about 7 years, irrespective of countries and epidemic stages. The same age-dependent mortality pattern known as the Gompertz law is featured by the total mortality and its main constituents attributed to cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, and oncological diseases. Among patients dying of COVID-19, most have at least one of these conditions, whereas none is found in most of those who pass it successfully. Thus, gerontology is indispensable in dealing with the pandemic, which becomes a benchmark for validating the gerontological concepts and advances. The two basic alternative gerontological concepts imply that either aging results from the accumulation of stochastic damage, or is programmed. Based on these different grounds, several putative anti-aging drugs have been proposed as adjuvant means for COVID-19 prevention and/or treatment. These proposals are reviewed in the context of attributing the molecular targets of these drugs to the signaling pathways between the sensors of resource availability and the molecular mechanisms that allocate resources to storage, growth and reproduction or to self-maintenance and repair. Each of the drugs appears to reproduce only a part of the physiological responses to reduced resource availability caused by either dietary calories restriction or physical activity promotion, which are the most robust means of mitigating the adverse manifestations of aging. In the pathophysiological terms, the conditions of the endothelium, which worsen as age increases and may be significantly improved by the physical activity, is a common limiting factor for the abilities to withstand both physical stresses and challenges imposed by COVID-19. However, the current anti-epidemic measures promote sedentary indoor lifestyles, at odds with the most efficient behavioral interventions known to decrease the vulnerability to both the severe forms of COVID-19 and the prevalent aging-associated diseases. To achieve a proper balance in public health approaches to COVID-19, gerontologists should be involved in crosstalk between virologists, therapists, epidemiologists, and policy makers. The present publication suggests a conceptual background for that.

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“…PubMed search strategy yielded only three publications with commentaries on using carnosine and salicyl-carnosine, suggested for patients with COVID-19 [37][38][39]. In these papers, carnosine and Our preliminary molecular docking of carnosine added more rationale to recommend further detailed docking and experimental validation and testing for this relatively safe natural supplement in patients with COVID-19.…”

Section: Literature Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carnosine to Combat Novel Coronavirus (nCoV, COVID-19): Molecular Docking and Modeling to Co-Crystallized Host Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Viral Spike Protein

Saadah¹,

Deiab²,

Al-Balas³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Aims: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays an important role in the entry of coronaviruses into host cells. This paper described how carnosine, a naturally occurring supplement, can be an effective drug candidate for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the basis of molecular docking and modeling to host ACE2 co-crystallized with COVID-19 spike protein. Methods: First, the starting point was ACE2 inhibitors and their structure-activity relationship (SAR). Next, chemical similarity (or diversity) and PubMed searches made it possible to repurpose and assess approved or experimental drugs for COVID-19. In parallel, at all stages, authors performed bioactivity scoring to assess potential repurposed inhibitors at ACE2. Finally, investigators performed molecular docking and modeling of the identified drug candidate to host ACE2 co-crystallized with COVID-19 spike protein. Results: Carnosine emerged as the best known drug candidate to match ACE2 inhibitor structure. Preliminary docking was more optimal to ACE2 than the known typical angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) inhibitor (enalapril) and quite comparable to known or presumed ACE2 inhibitors. Viral spike protein elements binding to ACE2 were retained in the best carnosine pose in SwissDock at 1.75 Angstroms. Out of the three main areas of attachment expected to the co-crystallized protein structure, carnosine bind with higher affinity to two compared to the known ACE2 active site. LibDock score was 92.40 for site 3, 90.88 for site 1, and inside the active site 85.49. Conclusion: Carnosine has promising inhibitory interactions with host ACE2 co-crystallized with COVID-19 spike protein and hence could offer potential mitigating effect against current COVID-19 pandemic.

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The Prevention and Management of COVID-19: Seeking a Practical and Timely Solution

Cited by 18 publications

References 82 publications

Facing a Second Wave from a Regional View: Spatial Patterns of COVID-19 as a Key Determinant for Public Health and Geoprevention Plans

Facing a Second Wave from a Regional View: Spatial Patterns of COVID-19 as a Key Determinant for Public Health and Geoprevention Plans

COVID-19: A Challenge to Physiology of Aging

Carnosine to Combat Novel Coronavirus (nCoV, COVID-19): Molecular Docking and Modeling to Co-Crystallized Host Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Viral Spike Protein

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