The Prevalence of Visual Impairment and Refractive Errors among a Youth Population in Mozambique: Evidence of the Need for Intervention

Sengo, Dulnério Barbosa; Santos, Isaura I. D. B. Dos; Faquihe, Momade Fumo; Tomo, Hermenegildo B. J. F.; Muaprato, Alcino M.; Puchar, Sualé; Lôbo, Guida M. R. J.; López-Izquierdo, Inmaculada; Caballero, Pablo

doi:10.3390/children8100892

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…19,20 The prevalence of refractive errors for the right and left eyes of the present study in two samples is smaller than that of other previous studies in Africa, where the prevalence ranges from 96.2% to 97.5% 21,22 and larger than that of other previous studies in Africa with the prevalence range of 12.9% -97.5%. 23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34 The difference in the prevalence of refractive errors for present and previous studies could be the result of a larger or smaller population, as well as the research design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The age of the patients consulted at the clinic is the determinant of refractive errors of the present study and is consistent with other studies conducted outside Africa 42,52,58 and inside Africa 24,35,49,53 including South Africa 34 but not consistent with other studies outside Africa 15,17,40,42,45,46,58,59 and inside Africa. 23,24,25,32,53 The present study assessed if the UPFS classifications were determinants of refractive errors or not. The UPFS classifications refer to the level of subsidisation of healthcare fees including assistive devices like spectacles for patients using government hospitals as defined by the South African government.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and determinants of refractive errors at Sekororo District Hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Maluleke,

Hasrod,

Rubin

2024

African Vision and Eye Health

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Background: Refractive errors are common eye disorders affecting people of all age groups worldwide.Aim: To determine the prevalence and determinants of refractive errors among patients attending a rural-based optometry clinic from January 2018 to December 2019.Setting: The study was conducted at Sekororo District Hospital in Mopani District of Limpopo Province, South Africa.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study comprising two stratified random samples (2018 and 2019) was conducted based on the clinical records of patients who consulted the clinic. Data were analysed with Statistics or Data Analysis software, STATA ed. 15. Determinants of refractive errors were identified using regression analysis and reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: In the 2018 sample, the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism in the right eyes was 10% (95% CI: 7.0–14.2), 7.5% (95% CI: 4.5–1.3) and 43.4% (95% CI: 37.6–49.3), respectively. Left eyes had myopia 16.1% (95% CI: 12.2–21.0), hyperopia 7.5% (95% CI: 4.5–1.3) and astigmatism 40.1% (95% CI: 34.5–46.0). For the 2019 sample, the prevalence of myopia in right eyes was 13.3% (95% CI: 9.5–18.3), hyperopia 3.8% (95% CI: 2.0–7.3) and astigmatism 33.8% (95% CI: 28.0–40.1). Left eyes had myopia 17.5% (95% CI: 13.1–23.0), hyperopia 8.1% (95% CI: 5.2–12.4) and astigmatism 26.9% (95% CI: 21.6–33.0).Conclusion: Across the samples (2018 and 2019) and to laterality (right and left eyes), myopia prevalence ranged from 10% to 17.5% while hyperopia ranged from 3.8% to 8.1%. Astigmatism was most prevalent (ranging from 26.9% to 43.4%).Contribution: This article provides useful information about the prevalence of REs in the district hospital setting. The Department of Health Authority may use the results for policy decisions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and determinants of refractive errors at Sekororo District Hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Maluleke,

Hasrod,

Rubin

2024

African Vision and Eye Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…One of the best times to focus on eye health and prevention is during studenthood. [ 7 ] In light of the fact that computer use increases the risk of developing eye problems. Computers play a significant role in students’ daily lives, who are susceptible to computer vision syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a tool for measuring determinants of eye self-care and evaluating its psychometric properties

et al. 2023

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Background: Eye care is crucial for maintaining healthy vision. This study aimed to design a determinants assessment instrument related to eye self-care in the student community and evaluate its psychometric properties. Materials and Methods: The present mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted in two sections using Creswell and Plano Clark methods for instrument development. The study was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, in 2021. The first section (textual analysis and qualitative research) explained and developed the instrument's fundamental items. This section included in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 21 students and eight experts. In the second, the psychometric properties of the designed instrument have been evaluated. Twenty students assessed the instrument's qualitative and quantitative face validity. The instrument's content was measured by computing the content validity ratio and content validity index. In addition, exploratory factor analysis (performed on 251 students) was used to establish construct validity. Internal and test–retest reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), respectively. Results: During face and content validity assessment, a 39-item questionnaire was finalized. Exploratory factor analysis led to the extraction of seven factors, including “perceived self-efficacy and self-regulation,” “outcome expectation,” “perceived barriers,” “motivation,” “perceived susceptibility,” “normative beliefs,” and “perceived severity.” The seven extracted factors explained 48.6% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha was obtained to be 0.780, indicating good internal consistency, and the ICC for the total score of the questionnaire was 0.892 (95% confidence interval: 0.822–0.944), indicating excellent test–retest reliability. Conclusion: Our developed questionnaire was a valid and reliable instrument for assessing eye care determinants among students, a vulnerable population afflicted with eye defects and disorders.

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Approaches for delivery of refractive and optical care services in community and primary care settings

Umaefulam,

Safi,

Lingham

et al. 2024

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Uncorrected refractive error is a leading cause of vision impairment which, in most cases, can be managed with the appropriate spectacle correction. In 2021, the World Health Assembly endorsed a global target of a 40‐percentage‐point increase in effective coverage of refractive error by 2030. To achieve this global target, equitable access to refractive and optical services within community and primary care settings needs to be strengthened. This review will inform the development of technical guidance to support improvements in the testing and correction of refractive error among World Health Organization (WHO) member states. Objectives To determine the range of approaches for delivery of refractive and optical care services in community and primary care settings, and the methods employed for their evaluation. Search methods We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health databases, grey literature, and annual reports and websites of relevant organizations involved in eye‐care delivery from January 2002 to November 2022 to identify approaches for refractive and optical service delivery. Selection criteria We included observational and interventional studies, reviews, and reports from relevant organizations related to delivering refractive services and optical services for preschool and school‐aged children and adults in community and primary care settings published between January 2002 and November 2022. We searched for studies and reports published within the last 20 years because vision impairment due to uncorrected refractive error has only recently become a public health and eye health priority, therefore we did not expect to find much relevant literature until after 2002. Data collection and analysis Two review authors screened titles, abstracts and full texts, and extracted data. We resolved any discrepancies through discussion. We synthesized data, and presented results as tables, figures, and case studies. This project was led by the World Health Organization (WHO) Vision and Eye Care Programme. Main results We identified 175 studies from searches of databases and grey literature, 146 records from company reports, and 81 records from website searches of relevant organizations that matched our inclusion criteria. Delivery approaches for refractive and optical services in community care included school‐based, pharmacy, and outreach models, whereas primary care approaches comprised vision centre, health centre, and a combination of vision or health centre and door‐to‐door delivery. In community care, school‐based and outreach approaches were predominant, while in primary care, a vision‐centre approach was mainly used. In the WHO African region, the school‐based and outreach approaches were mainly reported while, in the Americas, the outreach approach was mostly used. Very few approaches for service delivery were...

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The Prevalence of Visual Impairment and Refractive Errors among a Youth Population in Mozambique: Evidence of the Need for Intervention

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Prevalence and determinants of refractive errors at Sekororo District Hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Prevalence and determinants of refractive errors at Sekororo District Hospital in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Designing a tool for measuring determinants of eye self-care and evaluating its psychometric properties

Approaches for delivery of refractive and optical care services in community and primary care settings

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