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Background The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through contaminated blood or bodily fluids. Globally, over 81 million blood units are donated annually, a crucial therapeutic procedure without alternatives. However, blood-borne infections, including HBV, pose a significant hurdle to safe transfusions, especially in HBV-endemic regions like Somalia with limited screening. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection and identify risk factors associated with it among blood donors in Mogadishu, Somalia. Method A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2023. Research tools included a 5-ml blood sample and a structured questionnaire. The presence or absence of HB markers was determined using a multi-HB rapid test and CDC’s HB marker interpretation guideline. Logistic regression was used in univariate and multivariate models to identify risk factors associated with HBV infection, with significance set at a p-value < 0.05 in the final model. Result A total of 494 blood donors were recruited for this study; 93.9% were male, with a mean age of 31.5 (SD = 8.11). The prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among blood donors was 9.7%, with a 95% CI of 7.1–12.3. In multivariable logistic regression, those with a monthly income of less than 200 USD (AOR = 5.20, 95% CI = 1.61–16.79), those with an income between 200 and 400 (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.38–9.34), Jobless blood donors (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI = 1.17–12.20), those in business occupations (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.24–9.08), those with a history of STDs (AOR = 4.83, 95% CI = 2.03–11.50), those without a history of HB vaccine (AOR = 13.81, 95% CI = 2.46–77.41), those with a history of tooth extraction (AOR = 6.90, 95% CI = 2.66–17.88), and those who shared sharp equipment (AOR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.07–7.82) were more likely to become infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) compared to their counterparts. Conclusion This study highlights a high prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Implementation efforts against HBV infection should specifically focus on low-income individuals, the jobless, and donors with a history of STD to mitigate the burden of HBV infection and promote safer blood donation. In addition, discouraging the sharing of sharp equipment, improving infection control practices during tooth extraction procedures, and enhancing HB vaccination uptake, particularly among individuals lacking a history of HB vaccine, is highly recommended.
Background The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through contaminated blood or bodily fluids. Globally, over 81 million blood units are donated annually, a crucial therapeutic procedure without alternatives. However, blood-borne infections, including HBV, pose a significant hurdle to safe transfusions, especially in HBV-endemic regions like Somalia with limited screening. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection and identify risk factors associated with it among blood donors in Mogadishu, Somalia. Method A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2023. Research tools included a 5-ml blood sample and a structured questionnaire. The presence or absence of HB markers was determined using a multi-HB rapid test and CDC’s HB marker interpretation guideline. Logistic regression was used in univariate and multivariate models to identify risk factors associated with HBV infection, with significance set at a p-value < 0.05 in the final model. Result A total of 494 blood donors were recruited for this study; 93.9% were male, with a mean age of 31.5 (SD = 8.11). The prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among blood donors was 9.7%, with a 95% CI of 7.1–12.3. In multivariable logistic regression, those with a monthly income of less than 200 USD (AOR = 5.20, 95% CI = 1.61–16.79), those with an income between 200 and 400 (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.38–9.34), Jobless blood donors (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI = 1.17–12.20), those in business occupations (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.24–9.08), those with a history of STDs (AOR = 4.83, 95% CI = 2.03–11.50), those without a history of HB vaccine (AOR = 13.81, 95% CI = 2.46–77.41), those with a history of tooth extraction (AOR = 6.90, 95% CI = 2.66–17.88), and those who shared sharp equipment (AOR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.07–7.82) were more likely to become infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) compared to their counterparts. Conclusion This study highlights a high prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Implementation efforts against HBV infection should specifically focus on low-income individuals, the jobless, and donors with a history of STD to mitigate the burden of HBV infection and promote safer blood donation. In addition, discouraging the sharing of sharp equipment, improving infection control practices during tooth extraction procedures, and enhancing HB vaccination uptake, particularly among individuals lacking a history of HB vaccine, is highly recommended.
Background Globally, more than 81 million blood units are donated annually, and blood transfusion stands as a crucial medical procedure with no viable substitute. Unsafe blood transfusion contributes to 8 to 16 million new hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Somalia faces a high demand for blood transfusions with a prevalent HBV infection rate, driven by various factors, yet no similar previous study exists. The objective of this study was to determine the associations between the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of blood donors concerning HBV infection and their infection status in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in data collection between February and April 2023, using a 5ml blood sample and a well-structured questionnaire. A rapid test was utilized to indicate HBV positivity. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were employed to determine the associations, considering at α = 0.050 as statistically significant. Results Out of the 420 blood donors who participated in this study, 34 (8.1%) tested positive for HBV infection. The majority of the participants (94.2%) were males with an average age of 30.4 (SD ± 7.2). In multivariable logistic regression, the study revealed that blood donors with poor knowledge (AOR = 5.80, 95% CI = 1.69–19.89), those with moderate knowledge (AOR = 4.41, 95% CI = 1.09–17.90), and those with poor practices (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI = 1.09–11.34) toward HBV infection were more likely to become infected compared to their counterparts. Conclusion Blood donors in Mogadishu, Somalia, face a high burden of HBV infection. To effectively address this issue and ensure a safer blood supply, prioritizing initiatives aimed at enhancing the knowledge of blood donors regarding HBV infection is crucial. This involves educating donors about the various modes of transmission, emphasizing preventive measures, and stressing the importance of regular screenings. Additionally, encouraging better practices related to HBV infection among blood donors is essential in this endeavor.
Background The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through contaminated blood or bodily fluids. Globally, over 81 million blood units are donated annually, a crucial therapeutic procedure without alternatives. However, blood-borne infections, including HBV, pose a significant hurdle to safe transfusions, especially in HBV-endemic regions like Somalia with limited screening. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection and identify risk factors associated with it among blood donors in Mogadishu, Somalia. Method A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2023. Research tools included a 5-ml blood sample and a structured questionnaire. The presence or absence of HB markers was determined using a multi-HB rapid test and CDC’s HB marker interpretation guideline. Logistic regression was used in univariate and multivariate models to identify risk factors associated with HBV infection, with significance set at a p-value < 0.05 in the final model. Result A total of 494 blood donors were recruited for this study; 93.9% were male, with a mean age of 31.5 (SD = 8.11). The prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among blood donors was 9.7%, with a 95% CI of 7.1–12.3. In multivariable logistic regression, those with a monthly income of less than 200 USD (AOR = 5.20, 95% CI = 1.61–16.79), those with an income between 200 and 400 (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.38–9.34), Jobless blood donors (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI = 1.17–12.20), those in business occupations (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.24–9.08), those with a history of STDs (AOR = 4.83, 95% CI = 2.03–11.50), those without a history of HB vaccine (AOR = 13.81, 95% CI = 2.46–77.41), those with a history of tooth extraction (AOR = 6.90, 95% CI = 2.66–17.88), and those who shared sharp equipment (AOR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.07–7.82) were more likely to become infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) compared to their counterparts. Conclusion This study highlights a high prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Implementation efforts against HBV infection should specifically focus on low-income individuals, the jobless, and donors with a history of STD to mitigate the burden of HBV infection and promote safer blood donation. In addition, discouraging the sharing of sharp equipment, improving infection control practices during tooth extraction procedures, and enhancing HB vaccination uptake, particularly among individuals lacking a history of HB vaccine, is highly recommended.
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