The Prevalence of Types I and II Feline Coronavirus Infections in Cats.

Hohdatsu, Tsutomu; Okada, Susumu; Ishizuka, Yousuke; Yamada, Hiroki; Koyama, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1292/jvms.54.557

Cited by 124 publications

(160 citation statements)

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“…FCoV type II strains have hardly been found in Europe and have been detected only incidentally in the United States. 3,16,20,24,25,29 Furthermore, a study 20 has recently observed that a serological differentiation between antibodies to FCoV types I and II may not be possible in the early phase of infection, when crossreacting epitopes of both types are responsible for comparable titers, but only after the infection has resulted in an increase of antibody concentration and specificity. In experimentally FCoV type I infected cats, the antibody development against both types was followed, and it was observed that only after an observation period of more than 17 weeks did antibodies to FCoV type I show a significant increase over those to FCoV type II.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,18,24 In the field, serotype II accounts for only 20% to 30% of all FCoV infections. 16,27 Type I viruses represent the genuine FCoVs and grow poorly in cell culture. Type II viruses originated from double recombination events between FCoV type I and canine coronavirus (CCoV) 15 ; they proliferate well in cell culture and are widely used for the study of FCoV infection, and consequently, acquisition of genetic data for type I viruses has been lagging behind that of type II viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Serologic Techniques for the Detection of Antibodies against Feline Coronaviruses

Pratelli¹

2008

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. The seroprevalence of feline coronavirus (FCoV) antibodies was studied in cats in southern Italy. One hundred twenty sera collected from cats belonging to catteries or community shelters and to households were tested for FCoV type I and II antibodies. The virus neutralization (VN) was performed and compared with indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ninety-six sera tested positive for FCoV antibodies by VN and ELISA. Interestingly, ELISA revealed 2 more positive sera than did the VN test and 3 more positive sera than did the IFAT. All results were confirmed by Western blotting. ELISA proved to be more sensitive and detected a seroprevalence of about 82%. Considering the cross-reactivity of FCoV type I and type II, ELISA was able to detect antibodies against both serotypes, allowing the use of the assay as a reference test for sera screening. The high prevalence of antibodies observed indicates that FCoVs are common in southern Italian cat populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Serologic Techniques for the Detection of Antibodies against Feline Coronaviruses

Pratelli¹

2008

J VET Diagn Invest

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“…Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): Competitive ELISA was performed as described previously [11]. The viral antigen was purified from the culture supernatant of the cells infected with FIPV 79-1146 strain by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation.…”

Section: Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (Ifa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the type of virus , reinfection by which will cause ADE at the highest frequency in FIPV infection, is unclear. It has been reported that the frequency of type I FCoV infection is high in the field [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Infection in Feline Alveolar Macrophages and Human Monocyte Cell Line U937 by Serum of Cats Experimentally or Naturally Infected with Feline Coronavirus.

Hohdatsu

Yamada

Tominaga

et al. 1998

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Infection of the type II feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) strain 79-1146 to primary feline alveolar macrophages and human monocyte cell line U937 was enhanced by the sera of cats experimentally infected with the 79-1146 strain, but not those of cats infected with KU-2 or UCD-1 strain of type I FIPV. The experiments using sera of cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and of cats naturally infected with feline coronavirus (FCoV) revealed that infection of the FIPV 79-1146 strain to the U937 cells was enhanced only by the sera of cats infected with type II FIPV or feline enteric coronavirus. The samples positive for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) activity had high neutralizing antibody titers against the FIPV 79-1146 strain and the samples negative for ADE activity had low neutralizing antibody titers. These findings support the previous results where a monoclonal antibody with neutralizing activity had high ADE activity, suggesting that there was a close relationship between the neutralization and enhancement sites. And then it is also suggested that ADE of infection is likely to be induced by re-infection with the same serotype of virus in type II FIPV infection. Furthermore, U937 cells are considered useful and can be substituted for the feline macrophages for determining ADE of FIPV-infection. -KEY WORDS: antibody-dependent enhancement of infection, feline infectious peritonitis virus, feline macrophage, U937 cell.

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“…Serotype I FCoV isolates have been numerically superior [22] and predominantly distributed among cats [9]. These differences in antigenic properties are generally consistent with viral growth ability in vitro [2,22]; serotype II FCoVs propagate more readily than serotype I FCoVs in feline cell cultures such as Felis catus whole fetus-4 (fcwf-4) [13] and Crandell feline kidney (CRFK) cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Antigenic and Plaque Variations of Serotype II Feline Infectious Peritonitis Coronaviruses.

Mochizuki

Mitsutake

Miyanohara

et al. 1997

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Three feline coronavirus (FCoV) isolates KUK-H, M91-266, and M91-267 were examined to elucidate their biological and antigenic properties as well as disease potential in cats. Immune stainings of virus-infected cells by using FCoV type-specific monoclonal antibodies indicated that their antigenic specificity was serotype II. However, antigenic variations among these serotype II FCoVs were detected by neutralization assay with hyperimmune antisera against FCoVs and canine coronaviruses, and with experimentally infected cat sera; there were two subtypes in serotype II FCoVs. The isolates efficiently grew in fcwf-4 cell culture showing lytic CPE enough to form distinct plaques; when measured 48 hr after infection, plaque sizes of both M91-266 and M91-267 were approximately 1 mm in diameter, and a mixture of small (less than 1mm in diameter) and large (approximately 3 mm in diameter) plaques were produced in the case of KUK-H. Strains KUK-H, M91-266 and M91-267 produced feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in 50%, 67% and 89% of experimentally inoculated kittens, respectively. Furthermore, 80% of the kittens inoculated with the small plaque former of KUK-H developed FIP accompanied by more prominent clinical signs as well as pathological changes when compared with 28.6% of kittens inoculated with the large plaque former. These results suggest that serotype II FIPVs producing smaller size of plaques are more virulent than those producing larger size of plaques. -KEY WORDS: coronavirus, feline, feline infectious peritonitis, plaque, virulence.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 59(4): 253-258, 1997 serotype II FCoV has arisen by recombination between serotype I FCoV and CCV. In the present paper, three serotype II FCoV isolates from clinical FIP cases were examined in respects of antigenic property and in vivo pathogenic virulence especially in relation to plaque characteristics. Discussion was also made regarding relationships between plaque properties and virulence of coronaviruses in animals. MATERIALS AND METHODSViruses and cell culture: KUK-H strain was isolated in 1987 by using CRFK cells (ATCC CCL94), and both M91-266 and M91-267 strains were isolated in 1991 by using fcwf-4 cells. All derived from the spleen samples taken at the postmortem examination of effusive form FIP field cases. Stock viruses were prepared after further several passages in fcwf-4 cell culture. Strain C3663, a local isolate from an effusive form FIP case, was used as a reference serotype I FCoV. The cells were cultured as described previously [18].Plaque assay: The stock viruses were characterized by plaque assay, and then the virus was plaque-purified for further experiments. After serial tenfold virus dilutions, 0.2 ml of each dilution was inoculated onto fcwf-4 cell monolayer in 60-mm plastic plates. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 1 hr, and 4 ml of an overlay medium was added. The plates were further incubated at 37°C for 2 or 3 days and then stained with either an overlay medium According to the recent concept about feline coronaviru...

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The Prevalence of Types I and II Feline Coronavirus Infections in Cats.

Cited by 124 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of Serologic Techniques for the Detection of Antibodies against Feline Coronaviruses

Comparison of Serologic Techniques for the Detection of Antibodies against Feline Coronaviruses

Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Infection in Feline Alveolar Macrophages and Human Monocyte Cell Line U937 by Serum of Cats Experimentally or Naturally Infected with Feline Coronavirus.

Antigenic and Plaque Variations of Serotype II Feline Infectious Peritonitis Coronaviruses.

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