The prevalence of the electrocardiographic J wave in the Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen compared to 10 different dog breeds

Prominent J wave in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

“…While the J wave is a normal finding in healthy geriatric dogs, it was not present in the ECGs of five cats aged >7 years [ 16 , 19 ]. However, a study should be conducted in a larger population to confirm that the J wave is not a common finding in geriatric cats.…”

“…In the present study, the amplitude, duration, and morphology of the J wave were evaluated as in previous dog studies, as there is a paucity of data regarding the J wave in cats [ 2 , 19 ]. However, an amplitude of 0.05 mV was used as the starting point for J wave evaluation because QRS values normally show lower voltage in cats than in dogs [ 26 ].…”

“…The J wave (Osborn wave) is a positive deflection found at the R-ST junction in the electrocardiograph (ECG) [ 13 , 18 , 19 ]. It has a characteristic morphology of slurring or notching [ 8 , 18 , 22 ], which can be partially or completely buried in the QRS complex [ 5 , 22 ].…”

“…Previous reports have identified the presence of the J wave as a normal variant in humans, baboons, and dogs [ 2 , 5 , 19 ], while other studies have observed the J wave under pathological conditions, including hypercalcemia [ 16 , 19 , 23 ], ischemic heart disease [ 11 , 15 , 25 ], left ventricular hypertrophy [ 18 , 25 ], and fatal arrhythmia. Characteristic J wave abnormalities have been reported in Brugada syndrome—an inherited arrhythmic condition characterized by ST elevation, negative T wave in the right chest leads, and no evidence of structural cardiac abnormalities [ 3 , 14 ]—as well as in early repolarization syndrome, in which J waves are associated with life-threatening cardiac events [ 19 , 20 , 25 ], as they are in human patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [ 11 ]. The J wave occurs as a normal variant in 43% of geriatric dogs without cardiovascular disease, as well as in 29.1% of geriatric dogs with cardiovascular diseases [ 16 , 19 ].…”

“…Characteristic J wave abnormalities have been reported in Brugada syndrome—an inherited arrhythmic condition characterized by ST elevation, negative T wave in the right chest leads, and no evidence of structural cardiac abnormalities [ 3 , 14 ]—as well as in early repolarization syndrome, in which J waves are associated with life-threatening cardiac events [ 19 , 20 , 25 ], as they are in human patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [ 11 ]. The J wave occurs as a normal variant in 43% of geriatric dogs without cardiovascular disease, as well as in 29.1% of geriatric dogs with cardiovascular diseases [ 16 , 19 ].…”