The prevalence of symptoms attributed to electromagnetic field exposure: a cross-sectional representative survey in Switzerland

Schreier, Nadja; Huss, Anke; Röösli, Martin

doi:10.1007/s00038-006-5061-2

Cited by 139 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…According to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) the amount of mobile phone subscriptions has grown from 2.2 billion in 2005 to 6.9 billion in 2014 (ITU 2014). Despite the facilitating effects of mobile phones like the ease of accessibility or useful applications, for example in health care (Boulos et al 2011), concerns about adverse effects on social communication patterns and health due to new information technologies have arisen (Kowall et al 2012;Schreier et al 2006;Srivastava 2005). In 2014, 98% of adolescents own a mobile phone in Switzerland (thereof 97% a smartphone) (Willemse et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problematic mobile phone use in adolescents: derivation of a short scale MPPUS-10

Foerster

Roser

Schoeni

et al. 2015

Int J Public Health

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155

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ObjectivesOur aim was to derive a short version of the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale (MPPUS) using data from 412 adolescents of the Swiss HERMES (Health Effects Related to Mobile phonE use in adolescentS) cohort. MethodsA German version of the original MPPUS consisting of 27 items was shortened by principal component analysis (PCA) using baseline data collected in 2012. For confirmation the PCA was carried out again with follow-up data one year later. ResultsPCA revealed four factors related to symptoms of addiction("Loss of Control", "Withdrawal", "Negative Life Consequences" and "Craving") and a fifth factor reflecting the social component of mobile phone use ("Peer Dependence"). The shortened scale (MPPUS-10) highly reflects the original MPPUS (Kendalls' Tau: 0.80 with 90% concordant pairs). Internal consistency of MPPUS-10 was good with Cronbach's alpha: 0.85. The results were confirmed using the follow-up data. ConclusionsThe MPPUS-10 is a suitable instrument for research in adolescents. It will help to further clarify the definition of problematic mobile phone use in adolescents and explore similarities and differences to other technological addictions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problematic mobile phone use in adolescents: derivation of a short scale MPPUS-10

Foerster

Roser

Schoeni

et al. 2015

Int J Public Health

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155

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“…Within the western population, about 1.5–5% of individuals are self‐proclaimed electrohypersensitive (EHS) or, as defined by the World Health Organization, suffering from idiopathic environmental intolerance with attribution to EMF [Hillert et al, 2002; Levallois et al, 2002; Schreier et al, 2006]. They experience complaints that are attributed to the presence of various EMFs in their direct surroundings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A short‐term extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure increases circulating leukocyte numbers and affects HPA‐axis signaling in mice

Kleijn

Ferwerda

Wiese

et al. 2016

Bioelectromagnetics

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There is still uncertainty whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMF) can induce health effects like immunomodulation. Despite evidence obtained in vitro, an unambiguous association has not yet been established in vivo. Here, mice were exposed to ELF‐EMF for 1, 4, and 24 h/day in a short‐term (1 week) and long‐term (15 weeks) set‐up to investigate whole body effects on the level of stress regulation and immune response. ELF‐EMF signal contained multiple frequencies (20–5000 Hz) and a magnetic flux density of 10 μT. After exposure, blood was analyzed for leukocyte numbers (short‐term and long‐term) and adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration (short‐term only). Furthermore, in the short‐term experiment, stress‐related parameters, corticotropin‐releasing hormone, proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and CYP11A1 gene‐expression, respectively, were determined in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, pituitary, and adrenal glands. In the short‐term but not long‐term experiment, leukocyte counts were significantly higher in the 24 h‐exposed group compared with controls, mainly represented by increased neutrophils and CD4 ± lymphocytes. POMC expression and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone were significantly lower compared with unexposed control mice. In conclusion, short‐term ELF‐EMF exposure may affect hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activation in mice. Changes in stress hormone release may explain changes in circulating leukocyte numbers and composition. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:433–443, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…This growth and ubiquitous use of wireless technology in society has raised public concerns regarding potential adverse health effects from RF-EMF exposure (Blettner et al 2008;Schreier et al 2006). This has pressured some countries (e.g., Switzerland and Belgium) to lower the precautionary regulatory exposure limits, whereas other countries (e.g., the Netherlands) retained exposure limits as proposed by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure levels in different European outdoor urban environments in comparison with regulatory limits

Urbinello

Joseph

Huss

et al. 2014

Environment International

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BackgroundConcerns of the general public about potential adverse health effects caused by radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) led authorities to introduce precautionary exposure limits, which vary considerably between regions. It may be speculated that precautionary limits affect the base station network in a manner that mean population exposure unintentionally increases. AimsThe objectives of this multicenter study were to compare mean exposure levels in outdoor areas across four different European cities and to compare with regulatory RF-EMF exposure levels in the corresponding areas. MethodsWe performed measurements in the cities of Amsterdam (the Netherlands, regulatory limits for 3 ConclusionsAll exposure levels were far below international reference levels proposed by ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation). Our study did not find indications that lowering the regulatory limit results in higher mobile phone base station exposure levels. KEY WORDSPortable exposure meter; Radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF); Regulatory limits;Exposure assessment 4

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The prevalence of symptoms attributed to electromagnetic field exposure: a cross-sectional representative survey in Switzerland

Cited by 139 publications

References 15 publications

Problematic mobile phone use in adolescents: derivation of a short scale MPPUS-10

Problematic mobile phone use in adolescents: derivation of a short scale MPPUS-10

A short‐term extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure increases circulating leukocyte numbers and affects HPA‐axis signaling in mice

Radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure levels in different European outdoor urban environments in comparison with regulatory limits

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