The prevalence of specific phobia and associated co-morbid features in children and adolescents

Kim, Soojin; Kim, Bung-Nyun; Cho, Soo-Churl; Kim, Jae-Won; Shin, Min-Sup; Yoo, Han‐Ill; Kim, Hyo Won

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.04.004

Cited by 45 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Such results are in agreement with prior general population studies of adults [18, 22, 23] and youth [8,26, 27] that have evidenced only minor differences in prevalence rates across DSM-IV subtypes. Although rates of specific phobia were uniformly greater among females for all subtypes, it is notable that this sex discrepancy was unique to those who were affected with a greater number of phobia types, consistent with one previous community study of Mexican youth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…[8,25] Likewise, few studies of youth have examined the prevalence and clinical characteristics of specific phobia by the DSM-IV/5 content-focused subtypes. [4, 25–27] Todate, only one community study of Mexican youth has examined specific phobia according to both the number and the nature of phobic fears. [25] Similar to adult work, [8, 22, 23] this investigation found strong associations between the number of fear types and levels of impairment, such that the risk for serious impairment increased systematically with the number of phobia types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific Phobia Among U.S. Adolescents: Phenomenology and Typology

Burstein

Georgiades

et al. 2012

Depress Anxiety

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Background Investigators have proposed the diagnostic value of a generalized subtype of specific phobia, with classification based upon the number of phobic fears. However, current and future typologies of specific phobia classify the condition by the nature of phobic fears. This study investigated the clinical relevance of these alternative typologies by: (1) presenting the prevalence and correlates of specific phobia separately by the number and nature of phobia types; and (2) examining the clinical and psychiatric correlates of specific phobia according to these alternative typologies. Methods The National Comorbidity Survey Replication-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A) is a nationally representative face-to-face survey of 10,123 adolescents aged 13–18 years in the continental United States. Results Most adolescents with specific phobia met criteria for more than one type of phobia in their lifetime, however rates were fairly similar across DSM-IV/5 subtypes. Sex differences were consistent across DSM-IV/5 subtypes, but varied by the number of phobic types, with a female predominance observed among those with multiple types of phobias. Adolescents with multiple types of phobias exhibited an early age of onset, elevated severity and impairment, and among the highest rates of other psychiatric disorders. However, certain DSM-IV/5 subtypes (i.e. blood-injection-injury and situational) were also uniquely associated with severity and psychiatric comorbidity. Conclusions Results indicate that both quantitative and DSM-IV/5 typologies of specific phobia demonstrate diagnostic value. Moreover, in addition to certain DSM-IV/5 subtypes, a generalized subtype based on the number of phobias may also characterize youth who are at greatest risk for future difficulties.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Phobia Among U.S. Adolescents: Phenomenology and Typology

Burstein

Georgiades

et al. 2012

Depress Anxiety

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“…33 The rate of anxiety disorders in ADHD in our study was similar to those reported in epidemiologic and clinical samples of ADHD, ranging from 25% 27 to 33%. 25 Consistent with Gau et al 4,34 and a Korean study, 35 we found that ADHD was related to phobic disorders such as specific phobia and separation anxiety disorder. association between phobia and ADHD may decrease with age, 36 this association was reported to last until adulthood.…”

Section: Psychiatric Comorbidities In Adhd Probandssupporting

confidence: 89%

Psychiatric Comorbidities in Adolescents with Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Siblings

2011

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Objective: Despite high psychiatric comorbidities in adolescents with clinical diagnosis of attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little is known about psychiatric comorbidities in their siblings. We investigated the psychiatric comorbid conditions in adolescents with ADHD, their siblings, and healthy control subjects from their school. Method:The sample included 136 adolescent probands with ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), diagnostic criteria; 136 siblings (47 affected and 89 unaffected) and 136 age-and sex-matched healthy school control subjects. All participants and their parents received the structured psychiatric interviews for current and lifetime DSM-IV psychiatric disorders of the participants. Results:The rate of ADHD (34.6%) in the siblings of probands with ADHD was about 7 times higher than in the general population. Probands with ADHD were significantly more likely than unaffected siblings (OR 6.38; 95% CI 3.43 to 11.88) and healthy school control subjects (OR 9.60; 95% CI 5.31 to 17.34) to have a DSM-IV psychiatric disorder, including oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), tic disorders, major depressive disorder, specific phobia (more than control subjects only), nicotine use disorder, and sleep disorders. The affected siblings were significantly more likely than healthy school control subjects to have ODD, CD, specific phobia, and to have consumed alcohol (ORs ranging from 2.30 to 20.16). Conclusions:Our findings suggest that siblings of probands with ADHD have increased risks for ADHD and that the affected siblings have more psychiatric comorbidities than healthy school control subjects. It warrants early identification of ADHD symptoms and other psychiatric comorbid conditions as well in siblings of adolescents with ADHD.Can J Psychiatry. 2011;56(5):281-292. Clinical Implications• High sibling recurrent risk for ADHD implies the need for screening for ADHD in siblings of adolescents with ADHD.• Only affected siblings of patients with ADHD, rather than unaffected siblings, had increased psychiatric comorbidities.• It warrants early recognition of comorbid conditions to offset future adverse outcomes among adolescents with ADHD and their siblings. Limitations• There is questionable external validity for possible selection bias derived from clinic-based samples, and only probands with siblings were included.• Although we conducted structured interviews of mothers and participants to confirm the clinical diagnosis of ADHD in probands and to make ADHD diagnosis of siblings, the possible recall bias might exist to confirm the presence of ADHD symptoms in adolescents aged 7 years and younger.

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“…Previous studies suggest that ASD children may show a different pattern of anxiety than anxious youth without ASD. Children with ASD meet diagnostic criteria for specific phobias (e.g., Mattila et al, 2010; Sukhodolsky et al, 2008) at a substantially higher rate than the 3.5-7.9% prevalence reported in community samples (e.g., Essau, Conradt, & Petermann, 2000; Kim et al, 2010). Research also suggests variation in the frequency of particular types of specific phobias.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Characteristics and anxiety symptom presentation associated with autism spectrum traits in youth with anxiety disorders

Settipani

Puleo

Conner

et al. 2012

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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There is limited information about the nature of anxiety among youth with symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examined (a) differences in the clinical characteristics of anxious youth with and without symptoms of ASD and (b) the symptoms of anxiety that best distinguish between these groups. Results indicated that anxious youth with elevated ASD symptoms had significantly more diagnoses (e.g., specific phobias), and were more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for social phobia (and list social concerns among their top fears) than youth without elevated ASD symptoms. At the symptom level, severity of interpersonal worry based on parent report and severity of fear of medical (doctor/dentist) visits based on youth report best differentiated ASD status. The findings inform diagnostic evaluations, case conceptualization, and treatment planning for youth with anxiety disorders and ASD symptoms.

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The prevalence of specific phobia and associated co-morbid features in children and adolescents

Cited by 45 publications

References 32 publications

Specific Phobia Among U.S. Adolescents: Phenomenology and Typology

Specific Phobia Among U.S. Adolescents: Phenomenology and Typology

Psychiatric Comorbidities in Adolescents with Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Their Siblings

Characteristics and anxiety symptom presentation associated with autism spectrum traits in youth with anxiety disorders

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