The prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults, an exploration of differences between studies and within definitions: a systematic review and meta-analyses

Mayhew, Alexandra; Amog, Krystle; Phillips, Stuart M.; Parise, Gianni; McNicholas, Paul D.; Souza, Russell J. de; Thabane, Lehana; Raina, Parminder

doi:10.1093/ageing/afy106

Cited by 313 publications

(295 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The concept of probable sarcopenia is a recent one, and we are not aware of other studies that have assessed its prevalence in community settings. We are also not aware of studies that have examined the prevalence of sarcopenia at younger ages, with a recent systematic review reporting a minimum age of 55 years across 109 prevalence studies . Finally, we are not aware of studies that have specifically examined associations between long‐term conditions and sarcopenia, although two closely related areas of investigation are the associations of multimorbidity with grip strength as a continuous variable and with other measures of physical function, as described in the succeeding texts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We are also not aware of studies that have examined the prevalence of sarcopenia at younger ages, with a recent systematic review reporting a minimum age of 55 years across 109 prevalence studies. 28 Finally, we are not aware of studies that have specifically examined associations between long-term conditions and sarcopenia, although two closely related areas of investigation are the associations of multimorbidity with grip strength as a continuous variable and with other measures of physical function, as described in the succeeding texts. Several studies have shown inverse relationships between hand grip strength and the total number of long-term conditions in older individuals.…”

Section: Comparison With Existing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sarcopenia, long‐term conditions, and multimorbidity: findings from UK Biobank participants

Dodds

Granic

Robinson

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

100

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Background Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle strength and mass, predicts adverse outcomes and becomes common with age. There is recognition that sarcopenia may occur at younger ages in those with long‐term conditions (LTCs) as well as those with multimorbidity (the presence of two or more LTCs), but their relationships have been little explored. Our aims were to describe the prevalence of sarcopenia in UK Biobank, a large sample of men and women aged 40–70 years, and to explore relationships with different categories of LTCs and multimorbidity. Methods We used data from 499 046 participants in the baseline of UK Biobank. Our main outcome was probable sarcopenia based on maximum grip strength below sex‐specific cut‐points. Participants' LTCs were recorded during an interview and categorized against a hierarchy. We used logistic regression to examine the independent associations between each category of LTCs and probable sarcopenia, including adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index. We also examined the association with multimorbidity. Results Probable sarcopenia had an overall prevalence of 5.3% and increased with age. The categories with the strongest associations with probable sarcopenia were musculoskeletal/trauma [OR 2.17 (95% CI: 2.11, 2.23)], endocrine/diabetes [OR 1.49 (95% CI: 1.45, 1.55)], and neurological/psychiatric [OR 1.39 (95% CI: 1.34, 1.43)] LTCs. Almost half of the sample (44.5%) had multimorbidity, and they were at nearly twice the odds of probable sarcopenia [OR 1.96 (95% CI: 1.91, 2.02)] compared with those without. Conclusions We have shown an overall prevalence of 5.3% of probable sarcopenia at ages 40–70 in UK Biobank. The risk of probable sarcopenia was higher in those with some categories of LTCs, suggesting that these groups may stand to benefit from assessment of sarcopenia, during mid‐life as well as old age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Existing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia, long‐term conditions, and multimorbidity: findings from UK Biobank participants

Dodds

Granic

Robinson

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With the aging of society, interest in geriatric diseases has been increasing; in particular, interest in the prevention of and intervention for sarcopenia, which is known as an important risk factor for geriatric syndromes, has escalated [2]. Sarcopenia involves deterioration of skeletal muscle tissue with age and is one of the most important causes of functional decline and loss of independence in older adults [3], increasing the risk of functional degradation, fall, hospitalization, and mortality [4]. There is consequently a need for active prevention and management of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These differences in prevalence also exist across populations even when using the same de nition. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 63% in 249 patients in long-term care facilities in Spain, based on the rst published algorithms of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) [4]. In addition, Chinese studies showed that 19.31% of 4,500 communitydwelling individuals > 50 years old (mean age 62.4 ± 8.3 years) had sarcopenia, based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) algorithm [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validity of Two Simplified Algorithms of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia Consensus for Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Rural Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Korea

Lee

Gil

Chang

2020

Preprint

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Background: Sarcopenia, i.e., the decline of skeletal muscle tissue with age, is a key cause of functional deterioration and loss of independence in older adults, and increases the risks of fall, hospitalization, and mortality; it requires active prevention and management of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Existing diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia have typically been developed for European populations and may not be applicable to Asian populations. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling Korean older adults, and validate two simplified diagnostic algorithms based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) algorithm for identifying sarcopenia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 388 community-dwelling older adults (254 women and 134 men, with a mean age of 77.8 ± 6.26 years [range, 65‒93 years]), from a rural area in Korea. Muscle strength was measured by hand grip strength, physical performance by gait speed, and muscle mass by skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). Sarcopenia was assessed using the AWGS-recommended algorithm as well as two simplified algorithms (A and B). Algorithms A and B were validated with respect to the AWGS-recommended algorithm using the chi-square test, and the sensitivity and specificity were obtained. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia, determined using the AWGS-recommended algorithm, was 41.7% and 40.3% in men and women, respectively. The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 39.2% by the AWGS-recommended algorithm, 37.6% by algorithm A, and 37.6% by algorithm B; 137 participants were classified as sarcopenia by all three methods (p = .223).Conclusion: We established the prevalence of sarcopenia among rural community-dwelling adults in Korea and confirmed that the simplified algorithms were suitable for identification of sarcopenia in rural community-dwelling older adults in Korea. Further studies are needed to assess whether these simplified algorithms are also applicable to older Asian adults with functional and/or cognitive impairment, as well as nursing home residents.

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Association of Low Muscle Mass With Cognitive Function During a 3-Year Follow-up Among Adults Aged 65 to 86 Years in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCE Cross-sectional studies have shown that combined low muscle mass and strength are associated with cognitive impairment. Whether low muscle mass, reflective of physiologic reserve, is independently associated with faster cognitive decline remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between low muscle mass and cognitive decline in 3 distinct domains among adults aged at least 65 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging is a prospective population-based cohort study of community-dwelling adults. Enrollment occurred from 2011 to 2015 with a 3-year follow-up. Analyses for this study were conducted on those aged at least 65 years from April 24 to August 12, 2020. EXPOSURE Appendicular lean soft tissue mass (ALM) was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Low ALM was identified using the sex-specific Canadian cut points. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Memory was assessed using the Rey auditory verbal learning test. Executive function was assessed using the mental alternation test, Stroop high interference (words/dot) test, the animal fluency test, and the controlled oral word association test. Psychomotor speed was assessed using computer-administered choice reaction time. Composite scores by domain were created. RESULTSOf 8279 participants, 4003 (48%) were female, 8005 (97%) were White, and the mean (SD) age was 72.9 (5.6) years. A total of 1605 participants (19.4%) had low ALM at baseline.Participants with low ALM were older, had lower body mass index and physical activity level. The presence of low ALM at baseline was associated with faster 3-year cognitive decline in executive functions and psychomotor speed from multiple linear regressions. After adjusting for covariates including age, level of education, percentage body fat, and handgrip strength, low ALM remained independently associated with executive function decline (standardized β: −0.032; P = .03) only.Low ALM was not associated with memory. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study found longitudinal associations between lowALM and cognition in aging. Identification of older adults with low muscle mass, a targetable modifiable factor, may help estimate those at risk for accelerated executive function decline. Further longer-term investigation of associations is warranted.

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The prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults, an exploration of differences between studies and within definitions: a systematic review and meta-analyses

Cited by 313 publications

References 24 publications

Sarcopenia, long‐term conditions, and multimorbidity: findings from UK Biobank participants

Sarcopenia, long‐term conditions, and multimorbidity: findings from UK Biobank participants

Validity of Two Simplified Algorithms of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia Consensus for Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Rural Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Korea

Association of Low Muscle Mass With Cognitive Function During a 3-Year Follow-up Among Adults Aged 65 to 86 Years in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

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