The Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorder Among a Community Sample of Crack Cocaine Users

Falck, Russel S.; Wang, Jichuan; Siegal, Harvey A.; Carlson, Robert G.

doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000131913.94916.d5

Cited by 126 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Given that the overwhelming majority of participants in the Ohio and Kentucky samples were white, while the majority in the Arkansas sample was African American, the result is consistent with an evolving literature that suggests white drug users are more likely to manifest mental health problems than are African American drug users (Falck et al, 2004;Compton et al, 2000). The reasons underlying this phenomenon are uncertain, but the finding has emerged again, this time in a multi-site community sample of rural drug users.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Perceived need for substance abuse treatment among illicit stimulant drug users in rural areas of Ohio, Arkansas, and Kentucky

Falck

Wang

Carlson

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-medical drug use in rural communities in the United States is a significant and growing public health threat. Understanding what motivates drug users in rural areas to seek substance abuse treatment may help in addressing the problem. Perceived need for treatment, a construct indicative of problem recognition and belief in problem solution, has been identified as an important predictor of help-seeking behavior. This cross-sectional study used data collected through face-to-face interviews to examine factors associated with perceived need for drug abuse treatment among notin-treatment, adult, illicit stimulant drug users (n=710) in rural areas of Ohio, Kentucky, and Arkansas. More than one-quarter of the sample perceived a need for treatment. Results from a stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that white users, users with better physical and mental health status, and occasional users of methamphetamine were significantly less likely to see a need for treatment. Users with higher Addiction Severity Index composite scores for family/social problems or legal problems, and users with prior drug abuse treatment experience were significantly more likely to perceive a need for treatment. These findings have practical implications for efforts addressing substance abuse in rural areas.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Perceived need for substance abuse treatment among illicit stimulant drug users in rural areas of Ohio, Arkansas, and Kentucky

Falck

Wang

Carlson

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Psychological symptoms that occur after chronic use include somatic problems (Johanson et al 1999;Watson et al 1992), eating disorders (Ross-Durow and Boyd 2000), anxiety and depression (Beckwith et al 1999;Falck et al 2002). Associations between chronic cocaine use and conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (Crum and James 1993), paranoia (Espinosa et al 2001;Lejoyeux et al 2000), schizophrenia (Bowers et al 2001), and antisocial personality disorder (Falck et al 2004;Ladd and Nancy 2003) have also been identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of prenatal cocaine use and childhood trauma with psychological symptoms over 6 years

Minnes

Singer

Kirchner

et al. 2008

Arch Womens Ment Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of cocaine and other drugs during pregnancy may have serious public health consequences. The objective of this study was to determine if the use of cocaine prenatally identifies women for ongoing risk of psychological symptoms. Four hundred and two women (207 cocaine using [C], 195 non-cocaine using [NC]) were assessed for rates of clinically elevated psychological symptoms shortly after childbirth, 6.5 months and 1, 2, 4 and 6 years after using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Generalized estimating equation modeling (GEE) was used to compare psychological symptom severity, controlling for confounding factors including early childhood trauma. Results indicated that women identified as having used cocaine during pregnancy had clinically elevated psychological distress (OR=1. who use cocaine during pregnancy should be recognized as at very high risk of ongoing clinically elevated psychological symptoms and should receive early and regular assessments and intervention for mental health and substance use problems.

show abstract

“…Bennett and colleagues 5 found that maternal self-report of harsh discipline, depressive symptoms, and a composite variable of environmental risk significantly predicted CBCL externalizing problems while maternal depression predicted CBCL internalizing problems at age 4. Considering the high rate of comorbidity between depression and crack cocaine use found in community-based samples, 13,14 it is not surprising that studies of children with PCE have found an association between maternal depression and report of child behavior problems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Caregiver-Reported Behavior Problems in Cocaine-Exposed Children at 3 Years

Warner

Behnke

Hou

et al. 2006

Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Predictors of caregiver-reported behavior problems for 3-year-olds with prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) and matched controls were examined using structural equation modeling. We tested whether PCE had a direct effect on child behavior problems in a model that included other prenatal drug exposure, child sex, caregiver depression, and the quality of the child's home environment. The sample (N = 256) was drawn from a longitudinal, prospective study of children of (predominantly crack) cocaine-using women and controls matched on race, socioeconomic status, parity, and pregnancy risk. Child Behavior Problems was modeled as a latent variable composed of the 48-item Conners' Parent Report Scale Conduct Problem and ImpulsiveHyperactive scales and the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory Intensity scale. Caregiver depression was the only significant predictor of Child Behavior Problems. Mean levels of caregiver selfreported depression and reported child behavior problems did not differ between groups. Mean depression scores were well above the recommended clinical cutoff while mean child behavior problems scores were within normal limits. The model explained 21% of the variance in caregiver-reported child behavior problems in our sample of rural African American, low SES youngsters. Non-maternal caregivers of cocaine-exposed children had significantly lower mean depression scores and mean child behavior problems ratings for 2 of 3 scales used in the study compared to biological mothers of children with PCE and controls. For all groups, much larger proportions of children were rated as having clinically significant behavior problems than would be expected based on the prevalence of behavior problems in the general population.Since the coining of the term "crack baby" in the 1980s, dire predictions have been made about the developmental outcomes of children with prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE). These premature forecasts were based, in part, on research conducted using animal models in which considerable deleterious effects of PCE on offspring were found as well as in case reports and clinical studies of polydrug users. Early controlled studies of neonates and young infants with PCE did indicate difficulties with state and behavioral regulation including problems with alertness, orientation, irritability, and arousal-modulated attention which raised the concern that these children could be at risk for externalizing behavior problems in the future. 1 While well-designed prospective studies in humans during the past decade have yielded more equivocal results, most studies have been consistent with the conclusion that PCE exerts clinically subtle but statistically significant effects that could result in considerable costs to society. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptThe literature on child behavior problems in children with PCE, as with other developmental outcomes, is plagued by conflicting findings. Not one of seven published studies using parent-report measures of behavior probl...

show abstract

The Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorder Among a Community Sample of Crack Cocaine Users

Cited by 126 publications

References 17 publications

Perceived need for substance abuse treatment among illicit stimulant drug users in rural areas of Ohio, Arkansas, and Kentucky

Perceived need for substance abuse treatment among illicit stimulant drug users in rural areas of Ohio, Arkansas, and Kentucky

The association of prenatal cocaine use and childhood trauma with psychological symptoms over 6 years

Predicting Caregiver-Reported Behavior Problems in Cocaine-Exposed Children at 3 Years

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About