The prevalence of problem drug misuse in a rural county of England

Holland, Richard; Vivancos, Roberto; Maskrey, Vivienne; J, Sadler; Rumball, Daphne; Harvey, Ian; Swift, Louise

doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdl009

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…[7][8][9][10][11] Internationally, there has been extensive use of the indirect method known as capturerecapture (C-RC) to estimate the prevalence of problem and/or injecting drug use. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] In brief, C-RC involves testing a series of log-linear models to find one that best fits the pattern of overlap between multiple lists of known individuals that meet the case definition under study. This model is then used to calculate the number of individuals who do not appear in any data source (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capture—recapture and anchored prevalence estimation of injecting drug users in England: national and regional estimates

Hay

Gannon

MacDougall

et al. 2008

Stat Methods Med Res

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Capture-recapture (C-RC) using four data sources, one of which accounted for 81% of captured injectors, and multiple indicator methods (MIM) were used to obtain national, regional and local estimates of the prevalence of injecting drug use among opiate and/or crack cocaine users in England. Persons aged 15 to 64 years, in contact with health and/or criminal justice services during 2005/2006, and known to be using opiates and/or crack cocaine and injecting drugs were included in the C-RC analysis. The MIM analysis included indicators relating to drug treatment, drug-related deaths, population density and drug offences.There were an estimated 130,000 opiate and/or crack cocaine users who injected drugs in 2005/06 (95% confidence interval 125,800 to 137,000), corresponding to 3.9 per thousand of the population aged 15 to 64 years (95% confidence interval 3.8-4.1). Regional variation in the prevalence of injecting was evident, ranging from 6.1 per thousand of the population aged 15 to 64 years in Yorkshire and the Humber (95% confidence interval 5.6 to 6.6) to 2.3 per thousand in the East of England (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 2.9). Application of gender and age-group distributions for treated injecting drug users (IDUs) to the prevalence estimates suggested that there were 97,200 male injectors (95% confidence interval 94,000 to 102,500) and 63,600 female injectors aged 25 to 34 years (95% confidence interval 61,500 to 67,000).The prevalence estimates provide a basis from which numbers of current IDUs infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be approximated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capture—recapture and anchored prevalence estimation of injecting drug users in England: national and regional estimates

Hay

Gannon

MacDougall

et al. 2008

Stat Methods Med Res

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“…In terms of drug use, Holland et al (2006, p. 5) concluded that the area has relatively high levels of problem drug use compared to the national average:Our estimate suggests a prevalence of problem drug use of 2 per cent of the population aged 15‐54 […] This appears to be a high value when compared with the national estimate of 1.1 per cent of the UK's population aged 15‐54.(Holland et al 2006, p. 3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The study by Holland et al (2006) suggests that a minimum of 20‐25 per cent of all acquisitive crimes in the area studied related to problem drug use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Providing drug and alcohol services to female offenders: exploring gender and geographical barriers

Moore

2011

Drugs and Alcohol Today

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PurposeThis paper seeks to explore the views and experiences of female offenders with problem drug/alcohol use living in rural areas and to provide their perspectives on shortcomings in support services.Design/methodology/approachThe research used in‐depth interviews with (ex) female offenders with problem drug/alcohol use living in rural areas in the East of England.FindingsThe research indicates that the barriers to adequate provision of services for women in rural areas have distinct, but overlapping, gender and geographical elements. Gender issues centre on the failure to see the female offenders in the context of their roles as mothers and partners. The geographical element includes a significant and under‐reported lack of public transport and childcare support.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the localised and opportunistic nature of the study, no attempt is made to claim that one can necessarily generalise from these results to all rural areas.Practical implicationsIncreased recognition of women attending drug/alcohol support services as mothers with children, faced with problems of organising childcare, or accessing public transport. This is exacerbated by inadequate, public transport provision.Originality/valueThe importance of service providers recognizing the insight which clients could provide through their own lived experiences as users of services. In a rural situation with thinly spread provision, the importance of women‐only provision should not take precedence over quality of service provision.

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“…Based on sampling theory, the total death number is estimated by two different ways of death data, namely, the investigation on underreporting deaths in Liangshan in 2018 and the death surveillance data of residents in Liangshan in 2014-2018. This study adopted the unbiased estimation formula proposed by Chapman and Wittes [16]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of death causes of residents in poverty-stricken Areas in 2020: take Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in China as an example

Liao

Liao³

et al. 2022

BMC Public Health

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Background Continuous surveillance of death can measure health status of the population, reflect social development of a region, thus promote health service development in the region and improve the health level of local residents. Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture was a poverty-stricken region in Sichuan province, China. While at the end of 2020, as the announcement of its last seven former severely impoverished counties had shaken off poverty, Liangshan declared victory against poverty. Since it is well known that the mortality and cause of death structure will undergo some undesirable changes as the economy develops, this study aimed to reveal the distribution of deaths, as well as analyze the latest mortality and death causes distribution characteristics in Liangshan in 2020, so as to provide references for the decision-making on health policies and the distribution of health resources in global poverty-stricken areas. Methods Liangshan carried out the investigation on underreporting deaths among population in its 11 counties in 2018, and combined with the partially available data from underreporting deaths investigation data in 2020 and the field experience, we have estimated the underreporting rates of death in 2020 using capture-recapture (CRC) method. The crude mortality rate, age-standardized mortality rate, proportion and rank of the death causes, potential years of life lost (PYLL), average years of life lost (AYLL), potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR), standardized potential years of life lost (SPYLL), premature mortality from non-communicable diseases (premature NCD mortality), life expectancy and cause-eliminated life expectancy were estimated and corrected. Results In 2020, Liangshan reported a total of 16,850 deaths, with a crude mortality rate of 608.75/100,000 and an age-standardized mortality rate of 633.50/100,000. Male mortality was higher than female mortality, while 0-year-old mortality of men was lower than women’s. The former severely impoverished counties’ age-standardized mortality and 0-year-old mortality were higher than those of the non-impoverished counties. The main cause of death spectrum was noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and the premature NCD mortality of four major NCDs were 14.26% for the overall population, 19.16% for men and 9.27% for women. In the overall population, the top five death causes were heart diseases (112.07/100,000), respiratory diseases (105.85/100,000), cerebrovascular diseases (87.03/100,000), malignant tumors (73.92/100,000) and injury (43.89/100,000). Injury (64,216.78 person years), malignant tumors (41,478.33 person years) and heart diseases (29,647.83 person years) had the greatest burden on residents in Liangshan, and at the same time, the burden of most death causes on men were greater than those on women. The life expectancy was 76.25 years for overall population, 72.92 years for men and 80.17 years for women, respectively, all higher than the global level (73.3, 70.8 and 75.9 years). Conclusions Taking Liangshan in China as an example, this study analyzed the latest death situation in poverty-stricken areas, and proposed suggestions on the formulation of health policies in other poverty-stricken areas both at home and abroad.

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The prevalence of problem drug misuse in a rural county of England

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Capture—recapture and anchored prevalence estimation of injecting drug users in England: national and regional estimates

Capture—recapture and anchored prevalence estimation of injecting drug users in England: national and regional estimates

Providing drug and alcohol services to female offenders: exploring gender and geographical barriers

Analysis of death causes of residents in poverty-stricken Areas in 2020: take Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in China as an example

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