The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) Veterans: A meta-analysis

Fulton, Jessica J.; Calhoun, Patrick S.; Wagner, H. Ryan; Schry, Amie R.; Hair, Lauren P.; Feeling, Nicole R.; Elbogen, Eric B.; Beckham, Jean C.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.02.003

Cited by 604 publications

(344 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…1,2 Trauma exposure is associated with a range of negative sequelae, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 3 which affects approximately 23% of OIF/ OEF veterans. 4 PTSD is a costly disorder to the individual and society, as it affects overall quality of life, interpersonal relationships, job performance, and mental and emotional well-being. 1,3,5 Another debilitating condition that has been associated with both PTSD and trauma exposure itself is difficulty sleeping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Disturbances in OEF/OIF/OND Veterans: Associations with PTSD, Personality, and Coping

Lind

Brown

Farrell-Carnahan

et al. 2017

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Study Objectives: Sleep disturbances are well documented in relation to trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but correlates of such disturbances remain understudied in veteran populations. We conducted a preliminary study of sleep disturbances in Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn veterans (n = 133; mean [standard deviation] age = 29.8 [4.7] y). Methods: Veterans were assigned to one of three groups based on responses to the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale: control (no trauma-exposure [TE] or PTSD), TE, and PTSD. Sleep disturbance was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Measures of resilience, trauma load, personality, coping, alcohol use, and mild traumatic brain injury were also assessed via self-report. Results: The PTSD group had significantly more disturbed sleep (PSQI global score mean = 8.94, standard deviation = 3.12) than control (mean = 5.27, standard deviation = 3.23) and TE (mean = 5.34, standard deviation = 3.17) groups, but there were no differences between TE and control. The same pattern emerged across most PSQI subscales. Results of linear regression analyses indicated that current smoking, Army (versus other military branches), neuroticism, and using substances to cope were all significant correlates of higher sleep disturbance, whereas post-deployment social support was associated with less sleep disturbance. However, when combined together into a model with PTSD status, only neuroticism and substance use coping remained significant as predictors of more disturbed sleep. Conclusions: These initial findings suggest that TE itself may not be an independent risk factor for disturbed sleep in veterans, and that neurotic personality and a tendency to cope by using substances may partially explain sleep disturbance, above and beyond a diagnosis of PTSD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Disturbances in OEF/OIF/OND Veterans: Associations with PTSD, Personality, and Coping

Lind

Brown

Farrell-Carnahan

et al. 2017

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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“…As of December 2014, 57.2% (662,722) received at least a provisional mental health diagnosis, with the most common conditions being post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 55%), depressive disorders (45%), and anxiety disorders other than PTSD (43%) [5]. Other studies have found a 23% prevalence of PTSD among OEF/OIF/OND veterans [6] and high rates of adjustment and substance use disorders (SUDs) [7,8]. A 2015 metaanalysis by Kelsall and colleagues revealed a significantly greater incidence of SUDs among OEF/OIF/OND veterans compared with a matched non-deployed sample [9].…”

Section: Incidence Prevalence and Base Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Among Military Personnel and Veterans

Pickett¹,

Rothman²,

Crawford³

et al. 2015

North Carolina Medical Journal

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“…Recent years have seen a significant increase in research on 'military mental health' , detailing the prevalence of mental health difficulties, as well as appropriate service provision (See Cohen, Fink, Sampson, & Galea, 2015;Fulton et al, 2015;Hoge et al, 2014). Masculinity, and particularly the culture of 'Military Masculinity' in the forces (Higate, 2003) is often described as a barrier to the expression of emotion for military personnel (Finnegan et al, 2014;Green, Emslie, O'Neill, Hunt, & Walker, 2010;Hall, 2008;Higate, 2003;Lorber & Garcia, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masculinities and emotional expression in UK servicemen: ‘Big boys don’t cry’?

McAllister

Callaghan

Fellin

2018

Journal of Gender Studies

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a Psychology, university of northampton, northampton, uK; b university of Stirling, Stirling, uK; c Psychology, university of east london, london, uK ABSTRACT Dominant discourses of military servicemen position them as more prone to psychological damage than the general population, but as reluctant to seek psychological assistance, because of the military culture of 'toughness' , a military masculinity, that values stoicism, emotional control and invulnerability and implicitly excludes 'feminine' characteristics like emotionality. This is seen as a barrier to military personnel seeking help, by implicitly discouraging emotional disclosure and expression. This article presents an analysis of semi-structured interviews with six male military and ex-military personnel, focused on their experience and understandings of emotion, emotional expression and 'mental health' in the military. The dominant construction of military masculinity certainly renders some forms of emotion inexpressible within certain contexts. However, we argue that the construct is more complex than a simple exclusion of the 'feminine' and the 'emotional' . We explore how the highly masculine notions of military solidarity and 'brotherhood' create a 'safe' masculine space within which men could share their emotional experiences, but also highlight how this space for emotional expression is relatively constrained. We argue that these notions of solidarity and brotherhood open a space for emotional connection and expression that must be respected and worked with creatively, in therapeutic and other interventions.

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The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) Veterans: A meta-analysis

Cited by 604 publications

References 63 publications

Sleep Disturbances in OEF/OIF/OND Veterans: Associations with PTSD, Personality, and Coping

Sleep Disturbances in OEF/OIF/OND Veterans: Associations with PTSD, Personality, and Coping

Mental Health Among Military Personnel and Veterans

Masculinities and emotional expression in UK servicemen: ‘Big boys don’t cry’?

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