The prevalence of personality disorders in Portuguese male prison inmates: Implications for penitentiary treatment

Brazão, Nélio; Motta, Carolina da; Rijo, Daniel; Pinto‐Gouveia, José

doi:10.14417/ap.975

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Moreover, improvements for both emotion and behavior regulation outcomes were maintained over time (12 months after GPS completion), suggesting that those who participated in the program continued to use and consolidate the strategies learned along the intervention. Promoting behavior and emotion regulation seems paramount, taking into account that behavior and emotion regulation difficulties may compromise inmate's adhesion to penitentiary treatment (Brazão, da Motta, Rijo, & Pinto-Gouveia, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting emotion and behavior regulation in male prison inmates: A secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of the growing pro-social program.

Brazão¹,

Rijo²,

Salvador³

et al. 2018

Law and Human Behavior

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This article describes a secondary data analysis collected from inmates who participated in an independent randomized controlled trial, testing the efficacy of the Growing Pro-Social (GPS) Program. The current study aimed to test the program's ability to increase, on one hand, cognitive reappraisal (adaptive emotion regulation strategy) and, on the other hand, decrease expressive suppression (maladaptive emotion regulation strategy) over time. It was also assessed if the GPS was capable of reducing disciplinary infractions committed by inmates over time. Participants were randomized to the GPS treatment (n = 121) or the control group (n = 133). The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was completed at baseline, at mid-treatment, at post-treatment and at 12-months' follow-up. Disciplinary infractions were collected from prison records during the 12 months before the beginning of the program, during the GPS's 12-month length and during the 12 months after treatment completion. Treatment effects were analyzed with latent growth curve models. Concerning cognitive reappraisal, while treatment participants showed a significant increase, controls presented a decrease over time. For expressive suppression, the treatment group presented a significant decrease, and the control group showed no change over time. Treatment participants also presented a significant decrease in the number of disciplinary infractions and in the number of days in punishment, while controls showed no change or an increase over time. This study showed the GPS's ability to promote emotion and behavior regulation, which contributes not only to inmate's interpersonal adjustment, but also to a more efficient management of the prison system. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting emotion and behavior regulation in male prison inmates: A secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of the growing pro-social program.

Brazão¹,

Rijo²,

Salvador³

et al. 2018

Law and Human Behavior

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“…Taking into account the individual variability observed in the outcome measures over time in the current study, future research should test for relevant variables that could explain this variability. Personality disorders, which are well-known to be highly prevalent among male prison inmates (e.g., Brazão et al 2015c), should be tested as predictors or moderators of treatment effects in the outcome measures. In the current study, the integrity of GPS delivery was assured by training and supervising all psychologists who run the program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficacy of the Growing Pro-social Program in Reducing Anger, Shame, and Paranoia over Time in Male Prison Inmates

Brazão

Rijo

Salvador

et al. 2018

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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Objectives: This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral group program, Growing Pro-Social (GPS), in reducing anger, shame, and paranoia over time in Portuguese male prison inmates. Methods: Participants were randomized to the GPS treatment ( n = 121) or control group ( n = 133). The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Other as Shamer Scale, and the Paranoia Scale were completed at baseline, at the middle of treatment, at posttreatment, and at 12 months’ follow-up. Intervention effects were tested with latent growth curve models (LGCM). Results: At baseline, no significant differences between groups were found. Results from LGCM showed that condition was a significant predictor of change observed in all outcome measures over time. While treatment participants showed a significant increase in anger-control over time, controls presented a significant decrease over time in this same variable. For the remaining dimensions of anger, as well as for external shame and paranoia, while the treatment group showed a significant decrease over time, the control group showed a significant increase or no change. Conclusions: These results pointed out the GPS’s ability to promote significant change in cognitive and emotional relevant variables associated with antisocial behavior.

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“…Though other personality disorders are known to be prevalent in offenders, particularly all cluster B personality disorders and paranoid personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder is the most prevalent among male offenders [37] and, as known, it must be preceded by an earlier diagnosis of conduct disorder. Taking into account these findings, and considering time and resources restrictions, the authors decided to focus on the assessment of antisocial personality disorder for those youth who already met criteria for conduct disorder.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health problems in male young offenders in custodial versus community based-programs: implications for juvenile justice interventions

Rijo

Brazão

Barroso

et al. 2016

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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BackgroundYoung offenders are known to be a population with high prevalence of mental health disorders. In most cases, these disorders are neither identified nor treated properly, with the majority of them being chronic and difficult to treat. In many countries, the prevalence rates of psychopathology in male young offenders are still unknown and no psychotherapeutic interventions are delivered. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to assess mental health problems in Portuguese male young offenders placed in either custodial or community-based programs and discuss treatment implications within the juvenile justice interventions.MethodsParticipants in this study included 217 male young offenders aged between 14 and 20 years old that were randomly selected using a random number table. From the total sample, 122 (56.3 %) participants were placed in juvenile detention facilities, and 95 (43.7 %) were receiving community-based programs. Participants were interviewed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents, a structured interview that assesses DSM-IV Axis I Mental Disorders. Participants aged 18 years or older were also assessed with the antisocial personality disorder section from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders.ResultsResults showed a high prevalence of mental health disorders, with a global prevalence of 91.2 % in the total sample. In both groups, global prevalence rates were equally high (93.4 % in youth in custodial versus 88.4 % in youth in community-based programs). Substance-related disorders were more prevalent in youth placed in juvenile facilities, whereas anxiety and mood disorders were more often found in the community-based group. Moreover, oppositional defiant disorder was more prevalent in youth from the community, whereas antisocial personality disorder and conduct disorder were less prevalent than expected in this same group. A high comorbidity rate was also found, with the majority of participants from both groups’ fulfilling criteria for two or more disorders. Additionally, participants with conduct disorder were over four times more likely to fulfill criteria for substance abuse.ConclusionsOur findings inform about specific needs concerning mental health intervention that should be taken into account when deciding and planning rehabilitation programs for male young offenders, either from custodial or community-based programs.

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The prevalence of personality disorders in Portuguese male prison inmates: Implications for penitentiary treatment

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Promoting emotion and behavior regulation in male prison inmates: A secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of the growing pro-social program.

Promoting emotion and behavior regulation in male prison inmates: A secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of the growing pro-social program.

The Efficacy of the Growing Pro-social Program in Reducing Anger, Shame, and Paranoia over Time in Male Prison Inmates

Mental health problems in male young offenders in custodial versus community based-programs: implications for juvenile justice interventions

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