The Prevalence of Personality Disorder in a General Medical Hospital Population in Jamaica

Martin, Jacqueline; Walcott, G; Clarke, TR; En, Barton; Hickling, Frederick W.

doi:10.7727/wimj.2013.066

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Epidemiological studies and national population surveys done in the USA, Canada, New Zealand and Europe have indicated prevalence rates of personality disorder between 13−15% (39−41). The Jamaican population prevalence rate compares with a rate of 28% for the diagnosis of personality disorder in non-psychiatric patients of medical wards of the UHWI (35) and 57% in patients in the psychiatric wards of that hospital (36). The differences between the international rates and the Jamaican rate may be explained by at least one of two factors.…”

Section: The Diagnosis and Prevalence Of Personality Disorder In Jamaicamentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The JPDI was successfully validated on a cohort of 200 patients at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI), using the validating comparisons of the semistructured interviews of the DSM-IV-TR personality disorder classification and the International Personality Disorder Inventory (IPDE) as the gold standard inventory (34). Using this methodology, the prevalence rates of personality disorder in medical wards, psychiatric ward patients and substance abuse ward patients at UHWI were also established (35,36). A four-stage stratified random sampling method was used to obtain a representative population sample consisting of 1506 Jamaicans to establish the prevalence of personality disorder in the Jamaican population using the JPDI as the diagnostic screening instrument, conducted by Market Research Services Limited (38), a reputable Jamaican market research organization.…”

Section: The Jamaican Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

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A View of Personality Disorder from the Colonial Periphery

Hickling

Walcott

2014

West Indian Med J

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Section: The Diagnosis and Prevalence Of Personality Disorder In Jamaicamentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: The Jamaican Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

A View of Personality Disorder from the Colonial Periphery

Hickling

Walcott

2014

West Indian Med J

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“…A recent study on personality disorders in Jamaica (Hickling & Paisley, 2011) recommended a phenomenological approach to the classification of personality disorders on Axis I of the DSM that they called shakatani (Swahili shaka = power, tani = problems), which would make the condition applicable across all cultures (Hickling & Walcott, 2013a). The UWI studies revealed a rate of 28% for personality disorder in non-psychiatric patients of medical wards of the University Hospital of the West Indies (Martin, Walcott, Clarke, Barton, & Hickling, 2013); 57% in patients in the psychiatric wards of that hospital (Walcott, Martin, Clarke, Barton & Hickling, 2013); and a population prevalence rate of two-fifths (41.4%) of the Jamaican population being eligible for a diagnosis of personality disorder (Hickling & Walcott, 2013b). The adult rates of mental health challenges in Jamaica range from psychosis (3–5%), depression and anxiety (15–20%), personality disorder (30–40%), and dementia (5–7%).…”

Section: Postcolonial Approaches To Gmh In Jamaicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Owning our madness: Contributions of Jamaican psychiatry to decolonizing Global Mental Health

Hickling¹

2019

Transcult Psychiatry

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The contentious debate on evidence-based Global Mental Health care is challenged by the primary mental health program of Jamaica. Political independence in 1962 ushered in the postcolonial Jamaican Government and the deinstitutionalization of the country’s only mental hospital along with a plethora of mental health public policy innovations. The training locally of mental health professionals catalyzed institutional change. The mental health challenge for descendants of African people enslaved in Jamaica is to reverse the psychological impact of 500 years of European racism and colonial oppression and create a blueprint for the decolonization of GMH. The core innovations were the gradual downsizing and dismantling of the colonial mental hospital and the establishment of a novel community mental health initiative. The successful management of acute psychosis in open medical wards of general hospitals and a Diversion at the Point of Arrest Programme (DAPA) resulted in the reduction of stigma and the assimilation of mental health care into medicine in Jamaica. Successful decentralization has led to unmasking underlying social psychopathology and the subsequent development of primary prevention therapeutic programs based on psychohistoriographic cultural therapy and the Dream-A-World Cultural Therapy interventions. The Jamaican experience suggests that diversity in GMH must be approached not simply as a demographic fact but with postcolonial strategies that counter the historical legacy of structural violence.

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Prevalence of Personality Disorders and Clinical Syndromes Using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III) in an Iranian Clinical Sample

Dadfar¹

2017

IJBECS

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Personality objective inventories are commonly used for diagnosis of personality disorders. Personality assessment is effective in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of psychiatric outpatients and in patients. Comorbid personality disorders and clinical syndromes may be more worth condition of the patients. The present study aimed to examine the diagnosis of personality disorders and clinical syndromes using the Farsi version of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (3rd ed.; MCMI-III) in Iranian psychiatric outpatients. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The subjects of the project were 737 psychiatric outpatients. They were referred to the psychiatric and psychological clinics at the School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health-Tehran Institute of Psychiatry affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The subjects were selected using convenience sampling during years of 2010-2015 and evaluated by the MCMI-III computerized Farsi version. Data were analyzed by descriptive methods and t test using SPSS/WIN 16.0 program. Results showed that the most frequent of personality disorders were Depressive (2B), Compulsive (7), and Histrionic (4); with double code types of Depressive-Dependent (2B3);and Histrionic-Depressive (42B) combinations. The most frequent of moderate clinical syndrome were Anxiety (A), and Dysthymia (D) and the severe syndromes was Thought Disorder (SS); with double codes of clinical syndromes of Anxiety-PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (AR). There were significant differences between women and men patients in mean scores of some MCMI-III scales. Women had higher scores in Validity Scales of Disclosure (X) and Debasement (Z) than men. Depressive, Passive-Aggressive (Negativistic) (8A), Self-Defeating (8B) and Borderline (C) personality disorders were the most common in women than men. By contrast, Compulsive (7) personality disorder was the most common in men compare to women. Anxiety, Somatoform (H), Bipolar: Manic (N), Dysthymia (D), and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (R), Thought Disorder (SS), and Major Depression Disorder (CC) were the most common in women than men. The prevalence of diagnosis personality patterns and clinical syndromes in Iranian psychiatric outpatients is high and this should be taken into account in their assessment and treatment planning. Using of available sample and lack of random sample; possibility of comorbidity of other mental disorders with main diagnosis are limitations of the study. Utilization of item response theory (IRT); Structural Clinical Interviews for DSM Axis I and Axis II (SCID-I and SCID-II) along with MCMI-III; and MCMI-IV in an Iranian clinical sample are recommended.

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The Prevalence of Personality Disorder in a General Medical Hospital Population in Jamaica

Abstract: The prevalence of personality disorder assessed by the JPDI and the IPDE-S and the consultant DSM IV-TR instruments in Jamaica is significantly higher than the prevalence rate of studies in other countries.

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

A View of Personality Disorder from the Colonial Periphery

A View of Personality Disorder from the Colonial Periphery

Owning our madness: Contributions of Jamaican psychiatry to decolonizing Global Mental Health

Prevalence of Personality Disorders and Clinical Syndromes Using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III) in an Iranian Clinical Sample

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