The prevalence of mental health problems in Rwandan and Burundese refugee camps

Jong, Jean Philippe de; Scholte, Willem F.; Koeter, Maarten W. J.; Hart, A. A. M.

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102003171.x

Cited by 66 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…The finding that the non-refugee population is very highly educated could be due to the proximity of the study area to a university town, thus a good number of the residents of Oru-Ijebu are university students and workers. The high prevalence of manic symptoms, obsessive compulsive symptoms, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among refugees in excess of indigenes has also been documented [6,16,22-24]. Although the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms (visual and auditory hallucinations) in this study was higher than previously reported in the country [25], they are however similar to reports from developed countries [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Comparative study of mental health and quality of life in long term refugees and host populations in Oru-Ijebu, Southwest Nigeria

et al. 2012

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BackgroundRefugees as “People Living in Highly Stressful Situation” are particularly vulnerable to mental ill-health as a result of the trauma experienced pre- and post-migration. The lack of information on the mental health disparities of refugees and non-refugees in West Africa is what this study aimed to bridge.A cross-sectional study design was employed using a cluster sampling technique. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaires consisting of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), WHO quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Community Quality of Life (CQoL) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 17. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of mental health status and QoL.ResultsRespondents consisted of 444(45.7%) refugees and 527(54.3%) non-refugees. Two-thirds 292 (66%) of the refugees were Liberians. Mean age: refugees - 34.8 ± 12.8 years versus non-refugees - 33.3 ± 8.1 years (p < 0.05). While the majority 376(84.7%) of the refugees were married, most 468(88.8%) of the native population were not (p < 0.001). Significantly higher proportion of refugees had polygamous marriages, lived in poorer type of accommodation and had no formal education compared to the non-refugees (p < 0.05). The overall QoL and CQoL scores were both significantly lower for the refugees (p < 0.001). Refugees were three times more likely than non-refugees to have poor mental health [OR: 3.43; 95%CI: 1.83-6.40]. Overall, being currently ill tripled the odds of mental ill health [OR: 2.73; 95%CI: 1.98-3.77]. Unskilled workers [OR: 2.78; 95%CI: 1.68-4.60], skilled workers [OR: 2.98; 95%CI: 2.03-4.38] and the unemployed [OR: 1.94; 95%CI: 1.29-2.92] had two or more times the odds of poor mental health compared to professionals.ConclusionsQoL and occupational status were the major threats to the mental health of the refugees. Results of this study point to the need for continued attention to not only the healthcare needs but the welfare, housing, employment and overall QoL to support the long-term mental health of refugees and non-refugee populations alike.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Defined as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community [16]. Mental health was assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of mental health and quality of life in long term refugees and host populations in Oru-Ijebu, Southwest Nigeria

et al. 2012

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“…One investigation of children and adolescents (Dyregrov et al, 2000) documented an extreme degree of traumatic exposure, with 79% of those surveyed scoring over 17 on the Impact of Event Scale (Horowitz et al, 1979), suggestive of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg and Williams, 1988) scores of Rwandan adults surveyed in a refugee camp suggested that 50% suffered severe mental disorder (de Jong et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic panic-attack equivalents in a community sample of Rwandan widows who survived the 1994 genocide

Hagengimana

Hinton

Bird

et al. 2003

Psychiatry Research

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The present study is the first to attempt to determine rates of panic attacks, especially 'somatically focused' panic attacks, panic disorder, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression levels in a population of Rwandans traumatized by the 1994 genocide. The following measures were utilized: the Rwandan Panic-Disorder Survey (RPDS); the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ); and the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Forty of 100 Rwandan widows suffered somatically focused panic attacks during the previous 4 weeks. Thirtyfive (87%) of those having panic attacks suffered panic disorder, making the rate of panic disorder for the entire sample 35%. Rwandan widows with panic attacks had greater psychopathology on all measures. Somatically focused panic-attack subtypes seem to constitute a key response to trauma in the Rwandan population. Future studies of traumatized non-Western populations should carefully assess not only somatoform disorder but also somatically focused panic attacks.

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“…In a large household-based survey (N = 3323) in the West Nile, some of us estimated the population prevalence of PTSD to be 48% in Southern Sudan, 46% for Sudanese refugees, and 18% for West Nile Ugandan nationals. De Jong, Scholte, and colleagues (De Jong et al, 2001;De Jong, Scholte, Koeter, & Hart, 2000; found that 37% of the civilian respondents fulfilled the diagnosis for PTSD in Algeria, 28% in Cambodia, 18% in the Gaza, and 20% in Eastern Afghanistan.…”

Section: Mental Health Of Ex-combatants In Post-conflict Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma Rehabilitation After War and Conflict

Martz¹

2010

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The prevalence of mental health problems in Rwandan and Burundese refugee camps

Cited by 66 publications

References 17 publications

Comparative study of mental health and quality of life in long term refugees and host populations in Oru-Ijebu, Southwest Nigeria

Comparative study of mental health and quality of life in long term refugees and host populations in Oru-Ijebu, Southwest Nigeria

Somatic panic-attack equivalents in a community sample of Rwandan widows who survived the 1994 genocide

Trauma Rehabilitation After War and Conflict

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