The prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment among adolescents in the northern border region of Saudi Arabia: an epidemiological study

Abstract

BackgroundTo assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need among adolescents using the dental health component (DHC) of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN).MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 (mean age 16.25 ± 1.09) adolescents randomly selected from the northern border region of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The northern border region is sub-divided into three governorates: Ar’ar (186), Rafha (142) and Turayf (172). The data were recorded in questionnaires to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and estimate of DHC of the IOTN index.ResultsThe most common malocclusions in order of prevalence were Angle’s Class I (52.8%), Angle’s Class II (31.8%), Angle’s Class III (15.4%), crowding (47.2%), excessive overjet (> 2 mm) (22.2%), reduced overjet (< 1 mm) (11.4%), excessive overbite (> 2 mm) (23.4%), reduced overbite (< 1 mm) (12.2%), anterior crossbite (4.8%), posterior crossbite (9.4%) and open bite (4.6%). The most common facial profiles determined in the sagittal plane, were the straight facial profile (49.2%), convex (42.6%) and concave (8.2%). The prevalence of Grade 1 and 2 DHC was 49.4%, Grade 3 was 29.6%, Grade 4 and 5 was 21%. The grades of DHC of IOTN index were as follows: 48.73% of males and 50.22% of females showed grades 1 and 2. Grade 3 was observed in 30.32% of males and 28.69% of females. Grades 4 and 5 were recorded in 20.93% of males and 21.07% of females.ConclusionsThe prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need among the north border region of KSA is comparable with that of other regional studies.

Pattern of Dental Malocclusion in Orthodontic Patients in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, A Retrospective Study

“…We found that (53.05%) of the study subjects had a normal overbite, the differences in the proportions of the bite types were significant (p = 0.005). Which is less comparable to the findings in the northern border region of Saudi Arabia (64.4%) and similar to that in Turkey (53.5%) [25,27].…”

“…These findings were different to those observed by Proffit et al [16] who reported 29.6% had normal and (45.2%) had increased overjet with significant gender difference, but was similar to that findings by Gelgor et al [23] (p < 0.05), and less than findings in Riyadh (75.4%) with reduced overjet (< 2 mm) (19.3%), which is more than that found in the northern border region of Saudi Arabia (11.4%). An increased overjet (> 3 mm) was found in (37%), which was higher in comparison to the findings in Jordan (24.7%) and less to that in Turkey (41.7%) [24][25][26][27]. The prevalence of edge-to-edge was (4.5%), which is less than that observed in Turkey (12.1%) [27].…”

“…A deep bite was found in (32.8%), which is higher than the (1.7%) found in Kuwait [26], in Riyadh (8.8%) [28], in Turkish population (7%) [29] and black Americans (10%) [30].…”

Different types of malocclusion and oral habits in Sharja and Ajman Emirates

“…This was more than the prevalence reported in other studies for Class I. 8,15,[20][21][22][23] Furthermore, Class II malocclusion was followed by Class III in its prevalence. A finding that concurred with other studies conducted on different age groups and ethnic backgrounds; 15,[20][21]23 nevertheless the reported percentages were less.…”

“…8,15,[20][21][22][23] Furthermore, Class II malocclusion was followed by Class III in its prevalence. A finding that concurred with other studies conducted on different age groups and ethnic backgrounds; 15,[20][21]23 nevertheless the reported percentages were less. These differences in the findings might be a reflection of the variation in the age groups of the studied samples and/or the sample size, or single gender selection.…”