The prevalence of hydrocele in Nigeria and its implication on mapping of lymphatic filariasis

Nwoke, B E; Dozie, Ins; Jiya, Jonathan; Saka, Yisa; Okoronkwo, Chukwu; Ogidi, J A; Istifanus, W. A.; Mafiana, C. F.; Oyene, Ukam Ebe; Amali, O; Ogbu-Pearce, P; Audu, G; Remme, Hans; Nuttal, I

doi:10.4314/njpar.v27i1.37832

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The prevalence of limb elephantiasis was also recorded in 5 sites, which ranged from 1.7% to 11.8%. The distribution of these study sites is shown in Figure 2c, together with the high hydrocele prevalence states described by Nwoke et al [82], and highlight the geographical concordance with CFA and Mf distributions which occur in the central south and eastern regions of the country (Figure 2a). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Very few hydrocele cases (1–3%) were found in northern Borno (NE), Kaduna and Zamfara (NW), Edo (SS), Imo (SE),and in Ekiti, Ondo, Osun, Oyo (SW) States. The highest hydrocele rates were found in the NE States of Adamawa, Bauchi, Gombe, Taraba and southern Borno, in the NC states of Kogi, Plateau, Nassarawa, and in the northern part of Akwa Ibom State in the SS (Figure 2c) [82].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The most extensive study on clinical manifestations was conducted by Nwoke et al [82], who used hydrocele as a clinical marker to estimate LF prevalence. A rapid epidemiological mapping survey (REM-LF) was conducted across 25 States and 536 villages in Nigeria.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lymphatic Filariasis in Nigeria; Micro-stratification Overlap Mapping (MOM) as a Prerequisite for Cost-Effective Resource Utilization in Control and Surveillance

et al. 2013

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BackgroundNigeria has a significant burden of lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti. A major concern to the expansion of the LF elimination programme is the risk of serious adverse events (SAEs) associated with the use of ivermectin in areas co-endemic with Loa filariasis. To better understand this, as well as other factors that may impact on LF elimination, we used Micro-stratification Overlap Mapping (MOM) to highlight the distribution and potential impact of multiple disease interventions that geographically coincide in LF endemic areas and which will impact on LF and vice versa.Methodology/Principal findingsLF data from the literature and Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) were collated into a database. LF prevalence distributions; predicted prevalence of loiasis; ongoing onchocerciasis community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTi); and long-lasting insecticidal mosquito net (LLIN) distributions for malaria were incorporated into overlay maps using geographical information system (GIS) software. LF was prevalent across most regions of the country. The mean prevalence determined by circulating filarial antigen (CFA) was 14.0% (n = 134 locations), and by microfilaria (Mf) was 8.2% (n = 162 locations). Overall, LF endemic areas geographically coincided with CDTi priority areas, however, LLIN coverage was generally low (<50%) in areas where LF prevalence was high or co-endemic with L. loa.Conclusions/SignificanceThe extensive database and series of maps produced in this study provide an important overview for the LF Programme and will assist to maximize existing interventions, ensuring cost effective use of resources as the programme scales up. Such information is a prerequisite for the LF programme, and will allow for other factors to be included into planning, as well as monitoring and evaluation activities given the broad spectrum impact of the drugs used.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Lymphatic Filariasis in Nigeria; Micro-stratification Overlap Mapping (MOM) as a Prerequisite for Cost-Effective Resource Utilization in Control and Surveillance

et al. 2013

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“…This study provides the prevalence and the burden of Lymphatic filariasis in Northern Taraba focus. The overall prevalence of 30.05% among individuals in the eleven (11) communities despite the ongoing of MDA in some of the communities has further confirmed that Bancroftian Filariasis is widely distributed in Taraba state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis range from periodic reoccurring attacks of localized inflammation, tenderness and pain, often accompanied by fever, nausea and vomiting known as acute adenolymphagitis (ADL) to chronic symptoms including lymphoedema, elephantiasis and chyluria [11]. The visible manifestations of the disease are severe and disfiguring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Epidemiological Assessment of Lymphatic Filariasis in Northern Taraba Focus, Nigeria

Obadiah¹,

Sambo²,

Alhaji³

et al. 2018

IJIDT

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This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis in eleven (11) foci communities of northern Taraba state. Blood samples were collected by finger prick method to determine the presence of filarial antigen in serum using immunochromatographic card test. Questionnaires and physical examinations were used to assess clinical manifestations associated with the infection. The result showed that 101/336 (30.02%) were positive for W. bancrofti circulating filarial antigen. The circulating filarial antigen prevalence among the eleven communities differ significantly (p< 0.05). There was no significant difference between antigenaemia positive males (32.0%) and female (27.7%) (χ 2 = 0.491df1, P> 0.05). However, the antigenaemia prevalence among the age groups differs, with ages 51-60 years having the highest prevalence among male and ages 41-50 years among female respectively (χ 2 =11.424, df 6, P<0.05). Chronic clinical manifestation observed include Hydrocoel (17.12%) and lymphoedema of limbs (20.08%). Female had significant proportion of those with lymphoedema (14.8%). The findings showed a high prevalence of the infection which is far above the World Health Organisation threshold level of ≥1% prevalence as well as significant prevalence of clinical manifestations. Therefore integrated intervention programme is required in the study area.

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Predisposing Factors to Lymphatic Filariasis among Residents in Igbo-Eze North; an Endemic Area in Nigeria

Aniaku¹,

Onyishi²,

Nwosu³

et al. 2021

IJPA

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Background: The study on lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Igbo-Eze North was conducted to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors to LF among its residents between May and October 2018. Methods: A total of 201 residents who have lived in the area for at least one year were recruited. They were stratified according to age, gender and occupation, and were clinically examined firstly by rapid assessment method for any lymphoedema and hydrocele. At recruitment, blood samples were collected from all volunteered participants for LF test. In addition, demographic information and risk factors of the respondents were captured using a structured questionnaire by oral interview. Results: The overall prevalence for LF was 84 (41.8%). Furthermore, LF prevalence was significant (P < 0.05) in all the studied communities: 61.5% in Umuogbuagu, 48.1% in Aguibege, 32.7% in Umuagama and 21.7% in Umuopu. The sex-related prevalence of LF was higher among females than males, with slight significant difference (P = 0.046). In relation to age and occupation, higher prevalences (P < 0.0001) were recorded among older (≥ 50 years) subjects (49, 61.2%) and traders (55, 57.9%) respectively. The risk associated with LF implicated lack of knowledge, non-use of mosquito nets, as well as visit and proximity to water bodies as major predispositions (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of LF in this study was high. Higher prevalence was among females, older people and traders. Notable risks to the disease outcome are environmental, attitudinal and occupational with chances of scaled up prevalence and burden overtime.

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The prevalence of hydrocele in Nigeria and its implication on mapping of lymphatic filariasis

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Lymphatic Filariasis in Nigeria; Micro-stratification Overlap Mapping (MOM) as a Prerequisite for Cost-Effective Resource Utilization in Control and Surveillance

Lymphatic Filariasis in Nigeria; Micro-stratification Overlap Mapping (MOM) as a Prerequisite for Cost-Effective Resource Utilization in Control and Surveillance

Rapid Epidemiological Assessment of Lymphatic Filariasis in Northern Taraba Focus, Nigeria

Predisposing Factors to Lymphatic Filariasis among Residents in Igbo-Eze North; an Endemic Area in Nigeria

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