Abstract:Background: Seroepidemiologic studies indicate a high prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. This infection leads to ophthalmic, dermatologic, oral, neurologic, vaginal and cervical problems. Different studies have been carried out to estimate the HSV seroprevalence in Iran. Combining the results of these studies would be useful for health policy-making. Objective: This study aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of HSV infection using meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: Using relevant keywords… Show more
“…The overall HSV-1 seroprevalence observed in this meta-analysis (74.0%) is higher than the 25.7% reported in Iran [2], 53.9% in the United States [1] and the 67% global estimate [43]. However, the HSV-1 seroprevalence among Nigerian males (54.5%) and females (82.4%) estimated in this meta-analysis is lower than the 87% reported for both males and females in Africa [43].…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 67%
“…Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 are lifelong infections [1]. Following initial infection, lifetime latency is established within neural ganglions from which viruses can be reactivated periodically [2]. Globally, infections caused by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 are amongst the most common human viral infections.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Globally, infections caused by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 are amongst the most common human viral infections. The transmission of HSV-2 is mainly through sexual means, while HSV-1 is transmitted non-sexually during infancy [2]. However, there is an increasing proportion of genital herpes infections caused by HSV-1 in the developed world.…”
A source of comprehensive information on the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) can help researchers and policymakers address HSV related burden in the society. At the moment, this is not readily available. This study aims to fill this gap by attempting to estimate the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in Nigeria on the basis of published data. A systematic review and meta-analysis including cross-sectional studies on HSV-1 and HSV-2 in Nigeria was conducted. Electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, African Journals Online (AJOL), ScienceDirect, WHO-Afro Library, WHO-IRIS and African Index Medicus were searched for English Language publications on HSV-1 and HSV-2. Seven relevant publications were identified. Seroprevalence measures of 3 and 23 for HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively, were extracted. The pooled mean seroprevalences for HSV-1 and HSV-2 were 74.0% (37.4-99.4%) and 63.4% (56.1-70.4%) respectively. The mean seroprevalence of HSV-1 was higher among females, 82.4% (n = 509, CI, 36.6-100.0%), than males, 54.5% (n = 198, CI, 47.6-61.4%). The mean seroprevalence of HSV-2 were 51.8% (n = 1414, CI: 39.4-64.0%) and 86.5% (n = 162, CI: 80.8-91.3%) among healthy and clinical populations, respectively. The study was limited by the paucity of quality studies, variations in diagnostic methods and high heterogeneity in seroprevalence estimates. In conclusion, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 remain high in Nigeria. Large and representative national epidemiological surveys covering all regions and specific groups are recommended.
“…The overall HSV-1 seroprevalence observed in this meta-analysis (74.0%) is higher than the 25.7% reported in Iran [2], 53.9% in the United States [1] and the 67% global estimate [43]. However, the HSV-1 seroprevalence among Nigerian males (54.5%) and females (82.4%) estimated in this meta-analysis is lower than the 87% reported for both males and females in Africa [43].…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 67%
“…Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 are lifelong infections [1]. Following initial infection, lifetime latency is established within neural ganglions from which viruses can be reactivated periodically [2]. Globally, infections caused by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 are amongst the most common human viral infections.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Globally, infections caused by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 are amongst the most common human viral infections. The transmission of HSV-2 is mainly through sexual means, while HSV-1 is transmitted non-sexually during infancy [2]. However, there is an increasing proportion of genital herpes infections caused by HSV-1 in the developed world.…”
A source of comprehensive information on the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) can help researchers and policymakers address HSV related burden in the society. At the moment, this is not readily available. This study aims to fill this gap by attempting to estimate the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in Nigeria on the basis of published data. A systematic review and meta-analysis including cross-sectional studies on HSV-1 and HSV-2 in Nigeria was conducted. Electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, African Journals Online (AJOL), ScienceDirect, WHO-Afro Library, WHO-IRIS and African Index Medicus were searched for English Language publications on HSV-1 and HSV-2. Seven relevant publications were identified. Seroprevalence measures of 3 and 23 for HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively, were extracted. The pooled mean seroprevalences for HSV-1 and HSV-2 were 74.0% (37.4-99.4%) and 63.4% (56.1-70.4%) respectively. The mean seroprevalence of HSV-1 was higher among females, 82.4% (n = 509, CI, 36.6-100.0%), than males, 54.5% (n = 198, CI, 47.6-61.4%). The mean seroprevalence of HSV-2 were 51.8% (n = 1414, CI: 39.4-64.0%) and 86.5% (n = 162, CI: 80.8-91.3%) among healthy and clinical populations, respectively. The study was limited by the paucity of quality studies, variations in diagnostic methods and high heterogeneity in seroprevalence estimates. In conclusion, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 remain high in Nigeria. Large and representative national epidemiological surveys covering all regions and specific groups are recommended.
“…After duplicates’ removal and titles’ and abstracts’ screening, 130 records were identified as relevant or potentially relevant. Three additional records were identified through screening the bibliography of a previously published review for Iran 46 .Figure 1Flow chart of article selection for the systematic review of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in the Middle East and North Africa, as adapted from the PRISMA 2009 guidelines 30 . Abbreviations: HSV-1 = Herpes simplex virus type 1, MENA = Middle East and North Africa.…”
This study aimed at characterizing herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). HSV-1 records were systematically reviewed. Findings were reported following the PRISMA guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses were implemented to estimate pooled mean HSV-1 seroprevalence. Random-effects meta-regressions were conducted to identify predictors of higher seroprevalence. Thirty-nine overall seroprevalence measures yielding 85 stratified measures were identified and included in the analyses. Pooled mean seroprevalence was 65.2% (95% CI: 53.6–76.1%) in children, and 91.5% (95% CI: 89.4–93.5%) in adults. By age group, seroprevalence was lowest at 60.5% (95% CI: 48.1–72.3%) in <10 years old, followed by 85.6% (95% CI: 80.5–90.1%) in 10–19 years old, 90.7% (95% CI: 84.7–95.5%) in 20–29 years old, and 94.3% (95% CI: 89.5–97.9%) in ≥30 years old. Age was the strongest predictor of seroprevalence explaining 44.3% of the variation. Assay type, sex, population type, year of data collection, year of publication, sample size, and sampling method were not significantly associated with seroprevalence. The a priori considered factors explained 48.6% of the variation in seroprevalence. HSV-1 seroprevalence persists at high levels in MENA with most infections acquired in childhood. There is no evidence for declines in seroprevalence despite improving socio-economic conditions.
“…Periodically, the latent virus can be reactivated to cause symptomatic or subclinical recurrent infections. Hence, HSV infections may range from subclinical to life threatening, and the speci c clinical illness will be determined by the portal of virus entry, the competence of the host immune system, and whether the infection is primary or recurrent (2,4,8). Unless resulting from autoinoculation or sexual spread from the mouth to genital sites, HSV-1 infections occur most frequently during childhood and affect most often the mouth, lips, and skin sites above the waist.…”
Objective: Herpes viruses are ubiquitous human pathogenswhich canall be found in the oral environment. Dental practitioners have a close relationship with many patients and are at risk of cross-infection. So, HSV-1 infectionas a potential occupational hazard for dental workers is important. The aim of this study was to determine the level of HSV1 antibody in dental students of Birjandin 2018-2019.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 100 dental students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences during a six-month period, who were selected by random cluster sampling. After taking written consent, demographic information and positive history of genital or oral lesions were recorded based on a researcher-made questionnaire. Then, a peripheral blood sample (5 ml) was taken from participants and an anti-virus antibody was examined using an Anti-Herpes-1 IgG kit with ELISA by a pathologist. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS 21.Results: About half of the subjects (41%) had contact with HSV1 virus and were carrier of antibodies. The prevalence of HSV1 antibody in pre-clinical and clinical level was higher than in basic science, but there was no significant relationship between students' level of education and antibody prevalence (p = 0.77). Also, there was no significant difference in prevalence of HSV1 antibody by age, sex and marital status of students (p> 0.05).Conclusion: The prevalence of HSV1 antibodies in this study is lower than that of European countries, which may be due to regional culture, which requires further study on different groups and more individuals
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