The Prevalence of Hepatitis C in England and Wales

Balogun, M. A.; Ramsay, Mary; Hesketh, Louise; Andrews, Nicholas; Osborne, K; Morgan‐Capner, P.

doi:10.1053/jinf.2002.1059

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In most PI_1 lines, virus concentrations were higher at 12 dpi compared with PC_1 lines. An increase, peak, and decline in the viral titer is a known phenomenon observed before in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants infected with TMV; virus concentrations peaked at 7 dpi and declined steadily on later days (Balogun et al, 2002). Thus, these experiments demonstrated that PI_1 plants were able to significantly delay virus replication and the progression of symptoms.…”

Section: The Progeny Of Infected Plants Exhibit a Delay In The Onset supporting

confidence: 69%

Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection Results in an Increase in Recombination Frequency and Resistance to Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Pathogens in the Progeny of Infected Tobacco Plants

Kathiria

Sidler²,

Golubov³

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology

165

123

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Our previous experiments showed that infection of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) leads to an increase in homologous recombination frequency (HRF). The progeny of infected plants also had an increased rate of rearrangements in resistance gene-like loci. Here, we report that tobacco plants infected with TMV exhibited an increase in HRF in two consecutive generations. Analysis of global genome methylation showed the hypermethylated genome in both generations of plants, whereas analysis of methylation via 5-methyl cytosine antibodies demonstrated both hypomethylation and hypermethylation. Analysis of the response of the progeny of infected plants to TMV, Pseudomonas syringae, or Phytophthora nicotianae revealed a significant delay in symptom development. Infection of these plants with TMV or P. syringae showed higher levels of induction of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE1 gene expression and higher levels of callose deposition. Our experiments suggest that viral infection triggers specific changes in progeny that promote higher levels of HRF at the transgene and higher resistance to stress as compared with the progeny of unstressed plants. However, data reported in these studies do not establish evidence of a link between recombination frequency and stress resistance.

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Section: The Progeny Of Infected Plants Exhibit a Delay In The Onset supporting

confidence: 69%

Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection Results in an Increase in Recombination Frequency and Resistance to Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Pathogens in the Progeny of Infected Tobacco Plants

Kathiria

Sidler²,

Golubov³

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology

165

123

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“…Other studies carried out in Brazil found zero prevalence (Voigt et al, 2009) and very low anti-HCV prevalence, similar to studies carried out in developed countries such as England and Wales (0.61%) (Balogun et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV markers among young adult males in the Air Force in Florianópolis, South Brazil

Passos

Neto

Treitinger

et al. 2012

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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We investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) serological markers of infection in young adults from the metropolitan region of Florianópolis who were conscripts of the Air Base of Florianópolis in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. A population-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted with 371 young males during a one year period starting in June 2009. Demographic characteristics, socio-economic characteristics and possible risk factors to HBV and HCV were assessed. Blood samples were analyzed for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV and anti-HBs through automated microparticle enzymatic immunoassays (Abbott®, AxSYM System, Wiesbaden, Germany). None of the participants showed positivity to HBsAg or anti-HCV. The prevalence of anti-HBc was 1.6% (95% CI 0.6 -3.5), and the prevalence of anti-HBs was 40.7% (95% CI 35.7 -45.9). Unsafe sex was associated with positive anti-HBc in a bivariate analysis. There was a very low prevalence of past HBV infection and no cases of past HCV infection in a young adult population in the metropolitan region of Florianópolis. The very low prevalence of markers of infection and risk factors indicates a very optimistic future with respect to HBV and HCV infection in this population.Uniterms: HBV. HCV. Hepatitis B. Hepatitis C. Seroprevalence.Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a prevalência dos marcadores sorológicos de infecção pelo HBV e HCV em adultos jovens na Região Metropolitana de Florianópolis, conscritos da Base Aérea de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo soroepidemiológico transversal de base populacional com 371 adultos jovens, no período de um ano a partir de junho de 2009. Foram pesquisadas características sócio-econômicas e possíveis fatores de risco para HBV e HCV. As amostras de sangue foram analisadas quanto à presença de HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV e anti-HBs pelo método imunoensaio enzimático automatizado de micropartículas (Abbott®, Sistema AxSYM, Wiesbaden, Alemanha). Nenhum dos participantes demonstrou positividade para HBsAg ou anti-HCV. A prevalência do anti-HBc foi de 1,6% (IC 95% 0,6 -3,5) e do anti-HBs foi 40,7% (IC 95% 35,9). Relação sexual desprotegida associou-se com a positividade do anti-HBc na análise bivariada. Demonstrou-se prevalência muito baixa de infecção passada pelo HBV e ausência de HCV nesta população de adultos jovens na Região Metropolitana de Florianópolis. A particularidade desta prevalência muito baixa de marcadores de infecção e fatores de risco aponta para um quadro otimista em relação ao HBV e HCV no futuro para esta população.Unitermos: HBV. HCV. Hepatite B. Hepatite C. Soroprevalência.

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“…6 There were no cases of HBsAg carriage or HCV positivity in the population studied therefore a control population is unlikely to alter the conclusions of this study. In contrast, in highly endemic areas, such as Egypt, the prevalence may be as high as 10 -30%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

No association between hepatitis B or C viruses and vulval lichen planus in a UK population

Cooper

Kirtschig

Jeffery

et al. 2004

BJOG

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The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C (HCV) antibodies, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage and liver disease in 100 females with genital lichen planus (LP) in Oxfordshire. Sera were screened for HCV antibodies (AxSYM HCV 3.0 Abbott), HBV surface antigen (AxSYM HBsAg V2 Abbott), mitochrondrial and anti-smooth muscle antibodies. Liver function tests were undertaken. All sera were negative for HCV antibody and HBsAg. Transiently abnormal liver function tests (2) and liver specific antibodies (2) were detected in four patients with no underlying liver disease. We found no association between HBV or HCV and genital LP in this population.

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The Prevalence of Hepatitis C in England and Wales

Cited by 47 publications

References 39 publications

Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection Results in an Increase in Recombination Frequency and Resistance to Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Pathogens in the Progeny of Infected Tobacco Plants

Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection Results in an Increase in Recombination Frequency and Resistance to Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Pathogens in the Progeny of Infected Tobacco Plants

Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV markers among young adult males in the Air Force in Florianópolis, South Brazil

No association between hepatitis B or C viruses and vulval lichen planus in a UK population

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